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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Single-photon routing with whispering-gallery resonators

J. C. Huang, Jiahao Zhang, L. F. Wei

Published Mar 9, 2018• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Quantum routing of single photons in a system with two waveguides coupled to two whispering-gallery resonators (WGRs) are investigated theoretically. Using a real-space full quantum theory, photonic scattering amplitudes along four ports of the waveguide network are analytically obtained. It is shown that, by adjusting the geometric and physical parameters of the two-WGR configuration, the quantum routing properties of single photons along the present waveguide network can be controlled effectively. The routing capability from input waveguide to another one can significantly exceed 0.5 near the resonance point of scattering spectra, which can be achieved with only one resonator. By properly designing the distance between two WGRs and the waveguide-WGR coupling strengths, the transfer rate between the waveguides can also reach certain sufficiently high values even in the non-resonance regime. Moreover, Fano-like resonances in the scattering spectra are designable. The proposed system may provide a potential application in controlling single-photon quantum routing.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aab5a9

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Abstract Quantum routing of single photons in a system with two waveguides coupled to two whispering-gallery resonators (WGRs) are investigated theoretically. Using a real-space full quantum theory, photonic scattering amplitudes along four ports of the waveguide network are analytically obtained. It is shown that, by adjusting the geometric and physical parameters of the two-WGR configuration, the quantum routing properties of single photons along the present waveguide network can be controlled effectively. The routing capability from input waveguide to another one can significantly exceed 0.5 near the resonance point of scattering spectra, which can be achieved with only one resonator. By properly designing the distance between two WGRs and the waveguide-WGR coupling strengths, the transfer rate between the waveguides can also reach certain sufficiently high values even in the non-resonance regime. Moreover, Fano-like resonances in the scattering spectra are designable. The proposed system may provide a potential application in controlling single-photon quantum routing.
Quantum routing of single photons in a system with two waveguides coupled to two whispering-gallery resonators (WGRs) are investigated theoretically. With a real-space full quantum theory, photonic scattering amplitudes along four ports of the waveguide network are analytically obtained. It is shown that, by adjusting the geometric and physical parameters of the two-WGR configuration, the quantum routing properties of single photons along the present waveguide network can be controlled effectively. For example, the routing capability from input waveguide to another one can significantly exceed 0.5 near the resonance point of scattering spectra, which can be achieved with only one resonator. By properly designing the distance between two WGRs and the waveguide-WGR coupling strengths, the transfer rate between the waveguides can also reach certain sufficiently high values even in the non-resonance regime. Moreover, Fano-like resonances in the scattering spectra are designable. The proposed system may provide a potential application in controlling single-photon quantum routing as a novel router.
Asymmetrical waveguide-whispering-gallery resonator (WGR) couplings are proposed to manipulate single-photon transport properties in a hybrid system composed of a linear waveguide, a WGR and two separated two-level atoms. Tri-frequency/quadri-frequency photon attenuators and all-pass filters (caused by decoupling effects) are realized via the symmetrical/asymmetrical waveguide-WGR couplings and the phase difference induced by two atoms. The study of group delay shows slow-light and fast-light effects in this hybrid system, and dissipation effects imposing on the transmitted single photon are also analyzed.
Quantum routers determine the propagation of quantum signals in a quantum network. In a complex optical quantum network, the quantum signals should be routed to multilevel quantum channels, but how to modulate this quantum routing process is a challenge. We study the quantum routing of single photons with three-level quantum channels connected by two whispering-gallery resonators (WGRs). We find that single photons can be efficiently routed to a third level quantum channel, though the maximum probability is not higher than that to the second level quantum channel, which can reach 100100%100. Moreover, we also investigate how the phase shift parameter and the dissipation rates influence the routing probability in a third level quantum channel. Our work provides a robust proposal for harvesting the potential of quantum networks in the future.
The single photon scattering properties in a pair of waveguides coupled by a whispering-gallery resonator interacting with a semiconductor quantum dot are investigated theoretically. The two waveguides support four possible ports for an incident single photon. The quantum dot is considered a V-type system. The incident direction-dependent single photon scattering properties are studied and equal-output probability from the four ports for a single photon incident is discussed. The influences of backscattering between the two modes of the whispering-gallery resonator for incident direction-dependent single photon scattering properties are also presented.
Fano-like quantum routing of single photons in a system with two waveguides coupled to two collocated atoms is investigated theoretically. Using a full quantum theory in real space, photonic scattering amplitudes along four ports of the waveguide network are analytically obtained. It is shown that, by adjusting the atomic dipole-dipole interaction, an evident Fano-line shape emerges in the scattering spectra of the single-dot configuration system. Moreover, Fano resonance can also be achieved by varying the atom-waveguide coupling strength and atomic detuning, in the presence of the atomic dipole-dipole interaction. Therefore, the atomic dipole-dipole interaction may be utilized as a possible way to control spectral Fano-like resonance. The feasibility with the experimental waveguide channels is also discussed.
Single-photon transport properties in a one-dimensional coupled resonator waveguide, coupled to a whispering-gallery resonator interacting with two separated two-level atoms, are theoretically investigated. Based on the real-space approach, the transmission and reflection amplitudes of the single photon are deduced. Numerical results demonstrate that the transmission and reflection depend on the resonator–atom coupling, the intermode backscattering, and especially the phase difference between these two separated atoms. Effects of dissipation on single-photon transport properties are also discussed.