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Why Heisenberg-Schrödinger’s Atomic Model is Invalid

Sjaak Uitterdijk

Published Mar 1, 2018• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Outstanding surprisingly the misconception regarding the phenomenon potential energy most likely caused the change from Rutherford-Bohr’s to Heisenberg-Schrodinger’s atomic model.

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•Sep 16, 2024•0 citations
The past two decades of attention to introductory physics education has emphasized enhanced development of conceptual understanding to accompany calculational ability. Given this, it is surprising that current texts continue to rely on the Bohr model to develop a flawed intuition, and introduce correct atomic physics on an ad hoc basis. For example, Halliday, Resnick, and Walker1 describe the origin of atomic quantum numbers as such: “The restrictions on the values of the quantum number for the hydrogen atom, as listed in Table 39-2, are not arbitrary but come out of the solution to Schrödinger's equation.” They give no further justification, but do point out the values are in conflict with the predictions of the Bohr model.
P reliminary S urvey With the coming of the twentieth century, there came into being a new physics which was especially concerned with phenomena on the atomic and sub-atomic scale. It brought with it a new way of interpreting the phenomena of inanimate nature, which was destined in time to sweep away all the difficulties besetting the old classical mechanics. A preliminary glance over the vast territory of this new physics reveals three outstanding landmarks. First we notice an investigation which Prof. Planck of Berlin published in 1899. His aim was so to amend the classical mechanics that it should fit the observed facts of radiation, and show why the energy of bodies was not wholly transformed into radiation. We have already seen that this was likely to involve giving up either continuity or causality or the representation of phenomena as changes taking place in space and time. Actually his investigation seemed to show that continuity had to be given up, suggesting that in the last resort changes in the universe do not consist of continuous motions in space and time, but are in some way discontinuous. The classical mechanics had envisaged a world constructed of matter and radiation, the matter consisting of atoms and the radiation of waves. Planck's theory called for an atomicity of radiation similar to that which was so well established for matter.
The validity of the de Broglie formula λ=h⁄p for matter waves has been confirmed by numerous experiments such as Davisson-Germer and G. P. Thomson experiments. But there is a major problem here. If λ=h⁄p is valid for matter waves, we must be able to obtain it for these waves using mathematical calculations. But as you will see here, according to de Broglie's hypothesis, which considers matter wave energy equal to E=hf, this work is impossible; and so, we must change the matter wave energy equation to obtain λ=h⁄p. The change in the equation of energy causes two important changes in Schrodinger’s wave equation. These two changes bring us to a new wave equation. In the fourth part of the article you will see that, for explanation of the reason for the quantization of the orbits in Bohr's atomic model, we need a new atomic model for the Hydrogen atom. The new model leads us to new results and findings. In this article, we show what the cause of the quantization of the orbits in the Bohr atomic model is.