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Chinese Journal of Lasers

Progress in Biomagnetic Signal Measurements with Ultra-Sensitive Atomic Magnetometers

王晓飞 Wang Xiaofei, 孙献平 Sun Xianping, 赵修超 Zhao Xiuchao, 朱茂华 Zhu Maohua, 叶朝辉 Ye Chaohui, 周欣 Zhou Xin

Published Jan 1, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.3788/cjl201845.0207012

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We introduce a new ultra-sensitive adiabatic magnetometer that has a broad bandwidth and can operate in the presence of magnetic fields and gradients. It follows conceptually typical implementations of atomic magnetometers based on alkali-metal vapor cells and lasers for optical pumping and optical Faraday effect detection, while its unique feature is a measurement of an oscillating magnetic field along the probe beam direction at frequencies lower than the resonant frequency, proportional to a static magnetic field along the pump beam direction. The bandwidth of the adiabatic magnetometer scales as the strength of the field along the pump beam. From our theoretical studies it is expected that the adiabatic magnetometer can reach 1 fT sensitivity with a bandwidth of 10 kHz, which any type of atomic magnetometers cannot achieve. Among anticipated various applications of this adiabatic magnetometer are biomagnetic sensing, nuclear magnetic resonance detection, and alkali-metal density measurements. We experimentally conducted alkali-metal density measurements, as an example of applications.
We demonstrate that the use of negative feedback extends the detection bandwidth of an atomic magnetometer in a spin-exchange relaxation free (SERF) regime. A flat-frequency response from zero to 190 Hz was achieved, which is nearly a three-fold enhancement while maintaining sensitivity, 3 fT/Hz1/2 at 100 Hz. With the extension of the bandwidth, the linear correlation between measured signals and a magne-tocardiographic field synthesized for comparison was increased from 0.21 to 0.74. This result supports the feasibility of measuring weak biomagnetic signals containing multiple frequency components using a SERF atomic magnetometer under negative feedback.
Miniaturized spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer is an ultra-sensitive device for biomagnetic dynamic measurements, yet it still remains challenging in realizing easy-to-align and compact optical configuration while maintaining high sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate a multi-functional metafiber, consisting of a compact metalens assembled on the facet of an optical fiber, for flexible and high-performance pump light delivery and manipulation in atomic magnetometers for the first time. By tailoring transmission and phase profiles of nanopillars, the metafiber simultaneously enables broadband collimation and polarization manipulation from 770 to 894 nm, a spectrum regime that covers most commonly used alkali metals in quantum technologies. We integrate the metafiber with a SERF atomic magnetometer and achieve magnetic field measurement with a sensitivity of 51.12 fTHz−1/2(@31.5 Hz). Beyond optically interfaced quantum systems, the demonstrated highly compact and easy-to-align multifunctional metafiber can also find widespread classical applications such as wavelength-multiplexing fiber-optic communications, fiber sensing and fiber lasers.