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IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)

Secure Beamforming for Full-Duplex MIMO Two-Way Communication via Untrusted Relaying

Shuangrui Zhao, Jia Liu, Xiaochen Li, Yulong Shen, Xiaohong Jiang

Published Dec 1, 2017• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Full-duplex (FD) technique is very promising to support enormous data for 5G networks since it can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency. However, the secrecy performance of FD communication systems still remains largely unknown. As an initial step towards this end, this paper studies the physical layer security-based beamforming design in a FD two-way amplify-and-forward relay system, where two source nodes exchange messages with the assistance of an untrusted relay. The untrusted relay is willing to forward the messages and may also work as an eavesdropper to intercept the confidential messages. Our objective is to optimize the source and relay beamformers for maximizing the secrecy sum rate of the two-way communications with imperfect self-interference cancellation. For a specific system configuration, we first derive the expression of secrecy sum rate. By utilizing signal alignment technique and gradient method, we then propose two iterative algorithms to find the optimal source and relay beamforming matrices, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that when the number of antennas at the relay is appropriate and the interference-to-noise ratio is in a low region the proposed FD scheme significantly improves the secrecy sum rate over conventional schemes.

DOI
10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269117

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Full-duplex (FD) technique is very promising to support enormous data for 5G networks since it can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency. However, the secrecy performance of FD communication systems still remains largely unknown. As an initial step towards this end, this paper studies the physical layer security-based beamforming design in a FD two-way amplify-and-forward relay system, where two source nodes exchange messages with the assistance of an untrusted relay. The untrusted relay is willing to forward the messages and may also work as an eavesdropper to intercept the confidential messages. Our objective is to optimize the source and relay beamformers for maximizing the secrecy sum rate of the two-way communications with imperfect self-interference cancellation. For a specific system configuration, we first derive the expression of secrecy sum rate. By utilizing signal alignment technique and gradient method, we then propose two iterative algorithms to find the optimal source and relay beamforming matrices, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that when the number of antennas at the relay is appropriate and the interference-to-noise ratio is in a low region the proposed FD scheme significantly improves the secrecy sum rate over conventional schemes.
From security perspective, a friendly relay may help to keep the confidential messages from being eavesdropped, while an untrusted relay may intentionally eavesdrop the messages when relaying. This paper studies the secure beamforming for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way communications, where two source nodes exchange information with the help of an untrusted relay node. The relay adopts amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy and acts as both an essential helper and a potential eavesdropper. Our goal is to maximize the secrecy sum rate of the bidirectional links by jointly optimizing the source and relay beamformers. For the two-phase two-way relay scheme, we first derive the optimal structure of the relay beamformer and then propose an iterative algorithm to jointly optimize the source and relay beamformers. Then, a comprehensive study on the asymptotical performance is conducted by letting the source and relay powers approach zero or infinity. In particular, we show that when all powers approach infinity, the two-way relay scheme achieves the maximum secrecy rate if the transceiver beamformers are designed such that the received signals at the relay can be aligned to be parallel.
This paper studies the secure beamforming design in a multiple-antenna three-node system where two source nodes exchange messages with the help of an untrusted relay node. The relay acts as both an essential signal forwarder and a potential eavesdropper. Both two-phase and three-phase two-way relay strategies are considered. Our goal is to jointly optimize the source and relay beamformers for maximizing the secrecy sum rate of the two-way communications. We first derive the optimal relay beamformer structures. Then, iterative algorithms are proposed to find source and relay beamformers jointly based on alternating optimization. Furthermore, we conduct asymptotic analysis on the maximum secrecy sum-rate. Our analysis shows that when all transmit powers approach infinity, the two-phase two-way relay scheme achieves the maximum secrecy sum rate if the source beamformers are designed such that the received signals at the relay align in the same direction. This reveals an important advantage of signal alignment technique in against eavesdropping. It is also shown that if the source powers approach zero, the three-phase scheme performs the best while the two-phase scheme is even worse than direct transmission. Simulation results have verified the efficiency of the proposed secure beamforming algorithms as well as the analytical findings.
In this paper, we investigate energy-efficient secure communications in an untrusted two-way relay network, where two source nodes exchange messages via an untrusted relay. Considering both security threats and energy limitation, the performance metric secure energy efficiency is defined as the ratio of the secrecy sum rate to the total power consumption. Our objective is to maximize the secure energy efficiency by jointly designing the source and relay beamformers. We first derive the expression of secure energy efficiency under a general beamforming configuration. Then, an iterative algorithm based on the techniques of alternate optimization, fractional programming, barrier function method and semi-definite programming, is proposed to find the optimal solutions of the source and relay beamformers. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme can not only solve the problem of secure energy efficiency maximization but also be applicable for solving the problem of secrecy sum rate maximization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves a good gain in terms of secure energy efficiency.
In this paper, the physical-layer security of a cooperative wireless system with multi-antenna full-duplex (FD) destination is examined. More specifically, we consider a cooperative transmission scenario in which a source communicates with a destination through a relay in the presence of an eavesdropper. In order to degrade the wiretap channel, the FD destination simultaneously transmits an interference signal towards the eavesdropper, while receiving information from the relay. A joint transmit and receive beamformer design is proposed to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the destination, while guaranteeing that the SINR at the eavesdropper is below a certain threshold. We reformulate the optimization problem as a semidefinite relaxation problem in terms of a transmit beamforming matrix. To balance the performance and system complexity, we investigate suboptimum beamforming designs based on zero-forcing criterion. We derive exact closed-form expressions for the average secrecy rates of the proposed suboptimum designs. Our results reveal that optimum and suboptimum beamforming schemes along with friendly jamming significantly improve the secrecy performance. Moreover, simulation results demonstrate that the optimum scheme outperforms suboptimum schemes, especially in high transmit power regimes.
This paper proposes optimum beamforming for a system consisting of a source, a full-duplex (FD) relay, an intended destination, and an eavesdropper. The source and destination are single-antenna nodes, whereas the FD relay is a multi-antenna node. Our objective is to find the optimum receive and transmit beamformers at the relay so that the secrecy rate is maximized. The joint optimization problem is equivalently expressed in terms of the transmit beamformer. The resulting optimization is non-convex. However, we equivalently reformulate it to a suitable form so that the optimum solution is obtained by solving semi-definite relaxation problem, in conjunction with a line search confined to a specific region. Computer simulations demonstrate significant increase in secrecy rate compared to the conventional secure half-duplex relay communications.
An amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay network composed of a source, a relay, and a destination is considered, where transmit beamforming is employed both at the source and at the relay. The relay is a user who is willing to help the communication from the source to the destination. In our paper, however, the relay is untrusted in the sense that it may make a passive security attack; that is, it may decode messages of the source. We consider two ways to transmit confidential information of the source to the destination: noncooperative secure beamforming and cooperative secure beamforming. In the noncooperative scheme, the relay is simply treated as an eavesdropper, and does not participate in communication. In the cooperative scheme, the relay is asked to relay signals from the source to the destination. In this paper, the source and relay beamforming is jointly designed to maximize the secrecy rate in the cooperative scheme. The conditions under which the cooperative scheme achieves a higher secrecy rate than the noncooperative scheme are derived in the low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes of the source-relay and relay-destination links. The performance of the secure beamforming schemes is compared through extensive numerical simulations.