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Density Matrix in Quantum and Statistical Mechanics at Planck-Scale

Alexander Shalyt-Margolin

Published Jul 11, 2003• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This work presents a comparison of Quantum and Statistical Mechanics at Planck scale. The statistical mechanics deformation is constructed by analogy to the earlier quantum mechanical results. As previously, the primary object is a density matrix, but now the statistical one. The obtained deformed object is referred to as a statistical density pro-matrix. This object is explicitly described, and it is demonstrated that there is a complete analogy in the construction and properties of quantum mechanics and statistical density matrices at Plank scale (i.e. density pro-matrices). It is shown that an ordinary statistical density matrix occurs in the low-temperature limit at temperatures much lower than the Plank's. The associated deformation of a canonical Gibbs distribution is given explicitly.

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This work presents a comparison of Quantum and Statistical Mechanics at Planck scale. The statistical mechanics deformation is constructed by analogy to the earlier quantum mechanical results. As previously, the primary object is a density matrix, but now the statistical one. The obtained deformed object is referred to as a statistical density pro-matrix. This object is explicitly described, and it is demonstrated that there is a complete analogy in the construction and properties of quantum mechanics and statistical density matrices at Plank scale (i.e. density pro-matrices). It is shown that an ordinary statistical density matrix occurs in the low-temperature limit at temperatures much lower than the Plank's. The associated deformation of a canonical Gibbs distribution is given explicitly.
In this paper Quantum Mechanics with Fundamental Length is chosen as Quantum Mechanics at Planck's scale. This is possible due to the presence in the theory of General Uncertainty Relations (GUR). Here Quantum Mechanics with Fundamental Length is obtained as a deformation of Quantum Mechanics. The distinguishing feature of the proposed approach in comparison with previous ones, lies on the fact that here density matrix subjects to deformation whereas so far commutators have been deformed. The density matrix obtained by deformation of quantum-mechanical density one is named throughout this paper density pro-matrix, which at low energy limit turns to the density matrix. This transition corresponds to non-unitary one from Quantum Mechanics with GUR to Quantum mechanics. Below the implications of obtained results are enumerated.New view on the Black Holes Information Paradox are discussed
In this paper Quantum Mechanics with Fundamental Length is built as a deformation of Quantum Mechanics. To this aim an approach is used which does not take into account commutator deformation as usually it is done, but density matrix deformation. The corresponding deformed density matrix, which is called density pro-matrix is given explicitly. It properties have been investigated as well as some dynamical aspects of the theory. In particular, the deformation of Liouville equation is analyzed in detail. It was shown that Liouville equation in Quantum Mechanics appears as a low energy limit of deformed Liouville equation in Quantum Mechanics with Fundamental Length. Some implications of obtained results are presented as well as their application to the calculation of black hole entropy.
It was shown that if in Quantum Theory a fundamental length exists and a well-known measurement procedure is used, then the density matrix at the Planck scale cannot be defined in the usual way, because in this case density matrix trace is strongly less than one. Density matrix must be changed by a progenitrix or as we call it throughout this paper, density pro-matrix. This pro-matrix is a deformed density matrix, which at low energy limit turns to usual one. Below the explicit form of the deformation is described. Implications of obtained results are summarized as well as their application to the interpretation of Information Paradox on the Black Holes.
Abstract In this chapter, we continue our parallel exploration of statistical and computational physics, but now move to the field of quantum mechanics, where the density matrix generalizes the classical Boltzmann distribution. The density matrix constructs the quantum statistical probabilities from their two origins: the quantum mechanical wave functions and the Boltzmann probabilities of the energy levels. The density matrix can thus be defined in terms of the complete solution of the quantum problem (wave functions, energies), but all this information is available only in simple examples, such as the free particle or the harmonic oscillator. A simple general expression exists for the density matrix only at high temperature.
Density Matrix is used to unify the description of classical and quantum objects. The idea is that both states of classical object and states of quantum object can be regarded as vectors in Hilbert space, so that all the states can be represented by density matrices. After constructing the general framework, we apply this to discuss the possibility to map a quantum density matrix onto a classical density matrix, which is also the question explored in Hidden Variable Theory (HVT) of Quantum Mechanics (QM). Bell's Theorem set a boundary between HVT and QM, but the place of the real quantum world depends on experiments. However, here HVT is ruled out just by theoretical consideration. We tackle this question by explicitly constructing the most general HVT, which gives all desired results according QM, and then checking its validity and acceptability. Relation between such HVT and Bell's inequality and Kochen-Specker theorem is also discussed.
The quantum-mechanical analog of the classical Gibbs canonical density is characterized by considering a large collection Q of noninteracting quantum systems, each in an equilibrium statistical state. The set Q, the Hamiltonian operator for each system, and the statistical states are assumed to have certain properties which are given as axioms. It is shown that these assumptions imply that each member of Q is in a canonical state at a temperature which is the same for all systems. The possibility of zero absolute temperature is included.