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China Communications

Artificial noise aided polar codes for physical layer security

Huiqing Bai, Liang Jin, Ming Yi

Published Dec 1, 2017• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The secrecy rates of the existing practical secrecy coding methods are relative low to satisfy the security requirement of 5G communications. We propose an artificial noise (AN) aided polar coding algorithm to improve the secrecy rate. Firstly, a secrecy coding model based on AN is presented, where the confidential bits of last transmission code block are adopted as AN to inject into the current codeword. In this way, the AN can only be eliminated from the jammed codeword by the legitimate users. Since the AN is shorter than the codeword, we then develop a suboptimal jamming positions selecting algorithm with the goal of maximizing the bit error rate of the eavesdropper. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the random selection method and the method without AN.

DOI
10.1109/cc.2017.8246334

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The secrecy rates of the existing practical secrecy coding methods are relative low to satisfy the security requirement of 5G communications. We propose an artificial noise (AN) aided polar coding algorithm to improve the secrecy rate. Firstly, a secrecy coding model based on AN is presented, where the confidential bits of last transmission code block are adopted as AN to inject into the current codeword. In this way, the AN can only be eliminated from the jammed codeword by the legitimate users. Since the AN is shorter than the codeword, we then develop a suboptimal jamming positions selecting algorithm with the goal of maximizing the bit error rate of the eavesdropper. Theoretical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the random selection method and the method without AN.
In this paper, we consider a secure communication over the physical layer. The objective of the system is, at the physical layer security, the randomness of the channel and the polar coded aided artificial noise provide the security to the system without any secret key generation in higher layer encryption. Artificial noise will be injected at the last codeword of the confidential bits of polar codes in transmission block. Jamming position algorithm is used to initialize the position of artificial noise. The Bhattacharya parameter is used to select the position of jamming with regard to the reliability of the channel. The legitimate receiver has the knowledge of artificial noise and the confidential bit position, so it will eliminate the AN but Eve does not have the knowledge of jamming position so it cannot eliminate the AN. Simulation results show the performance of secrecy rate and the security gap of the system with the help of adding artificial noise at the last transmission block.
Physical layer security (PLS) has grown in popularity as it guarantees secure and reliable communication between wireless devices without restricting the ability of data analysts to eavesdrop. PLS benefits from the randomization property of the wireless channel, which improves immunity and protects against many dangers of information breaches from eavesdroppers. MIMO and Massive MIMO, which use numerous antennas at the transmitter and receiver ends, are fundamental technologies for improving efficiency in 5G and future network systems. The PLS still requires a significant amount of work before it can be employed in practical systems. The interception of eavesdroppers can be made difficult by adding artificial noise. This paper focuses on the physical layer security considering maximal ratio combining, and artificial noise with beamforming techniques to further enhance the secrecy rate. The proposed work demonstrates that the use of transmitter beamforming with artificial noise can significantly improve the degree of confidentiality of information being transmitted between a transmitter and an intended receiver while making it more difficult for eavesdroppers to intercept. The simulation results in terms of bit error rate show that the proposed method has a significant impact on the error rate performance of the eavesdropper.
At present, there has been a large amount of research on secrecy rate optimization. However, the reliability analysis of secure transmission is equally important although relatively less attention has been dedicated to. Therefore, this paper proposes a secure transmission method with artificial noise for the physical layer security issues in the transmission process of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. Firstly, we establish an artificial noise assisted MIMO systems model. Then, the channel state information (CSI) matrix is subjected to singular value decomposition to obtain the reasonable precoding and artificial noise matrices. Finally, the impact of artificial noise on the bit error rate performance of potential eavesdropper is analyzed, and based on the analysis, the problem of maximizing the system secrecy rate is established. The concave-convex procedure (CCCP) method is used to obtain the optimal power allocation, which significantly improves the security of MIMO systems. The simulation results show that using the null space of CSI matrix and artificial noise for signal encryption effectively improves the bit error rate of potential eavesdropping nodes. In addition, the secrecy rate obtained by the CCCP algorithm is consistent with the performance obtained by the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping due to open wireless links. To address this issue, a simplified artificial noise (AN)-aided physical layer security scheme is proposed. A practical system model including a multi-antenna LEO satellite, a single-antenna ground user, and multiple eavesdroppers is established, considering shadowed Rician fading and imperfect channel state information (CSI). The AN is projected into the null space of the legitimate user’s channel to avoid interference, while suppressing eavesdroppers. A fixed power allocation strategy is adopted for easy implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms traditional methods in secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability (SOP) with low computational complexity, making it suitable for resource-constrained LEO satellite systems.
In this paper, we consider the problem of polar coding for secure communications over the two-way wiretap channel, where two legitimate users communicate with each other simultaneously, while a passive eavesdropper overhears a combination of their exchanged signals. We design a low complexity polar coded cooperative jamming scheme that achieves the whole secrecy rate region of the general two-way wiretap channel under the strong secrecy criterion. The chaining method is used to make proper alignment of polar indices. The randomness required to be shared between two legitimate users is treated as a limited resource and we show that its rate can be made negligible by increasing the blocklength and the number of chained blocks. For the special case when the eavesdropper channel is degraded with respect to the legitimate ones, a simplified scheme is proposed which can simultaneously ensure reliability and weak secrecy within a single transmission block.
In this paper, we investigate the performance of artificial noise assisted secure communication in the presence of a full-duplex active eavesdropper who can simultaneously perform eavesdropping and jamming. An approximate closed-form expression for the secrecy rate is derived. With this result, we obtain a new result for the optimal power allocation factor maximizing the secrecy rate, and analyze the impact of self-interference coefficient and jamming power on it. We further consider a more practical scenario where the legitimate user aims to maintain a given target data rate and uses all remaining power for artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the eavesdropper. While the eavesdropper tries to compel the transmitter to reduce the AN by sending jamming signals to the legitimate receiver. To solve this conflict, we introduce a power cost parameter to describe the impact of jamming on the eavesdropper itself and then formulate a game-theoretic framework. We also derive the closed-form equilibrium solutions for both sides. These results show the optimal jamming strategy of the eavesdropper and provide insights into the low bound secrecy performance. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify our analytical results.