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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Probing topological superfluidity in a system of repulsive alkaline-earth atoms in optical lattices

Gerardo Ortíz, Леонид Исаев, Adam M. Kaufman, Ana María Rey

Published Mar 6, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract We discuss a realization of topological superfluidity with fermionic atoms in an optical lattice. We consider a situation where atoms in two internal states experience different lattice potentials: one species is localized and the other itinerant, and show how quantum fluctuations of the localized fermions give rise to an attraction and spin–orbit coupling in the itinerant band. At low temperature, these effects stabilize a topological superfluid of mobile atoms even if their bare interactions are repulsive. This emergent state can be engineered with alkaline-earth atoms in a superlattice with a dimerized unit cell. To probe its unique properties we describe protocols that use high spectral resolution and controllability of a narrow clock transition, such as momentum-resolved spectroscopy and supercurrent response to a synthetic (laser-induced) magnetic field.
We theoretically investigate zero-temperature magnetic ordering of mixtures of spin-1 (alkali-metal atoms) and spin-0 (alkaline-earth-metal atoms) bosons in a three-dimensional optical lattice. With the single-mode approximation for the spin-1 bosons, we obtain an effective Bose-Hubbard model for describing the heteronuclear mixtures in optical lattices. By controlling the interspecies interactions between alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms, we map out complete phase diagrams of the system with both positive and negative spin-dependent interactions for spin-1 atoms, based on bosonic dynamical mean-field theory. We find that the spin-1 components feature ferromagnetic and nematic insulating phases, in addition to the superfluid, depending on spin-dependent interactions. Take the spin-1 alkali-metal bosons as spin $\ensuremath{\uparrow}$, and spin-0 alkaline-earth-metal bosons as spin $\ensuremath{\downarrow}$, we observe that the system favors ferromagnetic insulator at filling n=1n=1n=1 and unorder insulator at n=2n=2n=2. Interestingly, we observe a two-step Mott-insulating-superfluid phase transition, as a result of mass imbalance between alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal atoms.