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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Characterizing microwave loss mechanisms induced by magnetic fields in microstrip superconducting resonators.

Sangil Kwon, Anita Fadavi Roudsari, Olaf W. B. Benningshof, Yongchao Tang, Hamid Reza Mohebbi, Ivar Taminiau, Deler Langenberg, Shin-Young Lee, George Nichols, David G. Cory, Guo‐Xing Miao

Published Mar 6, 2018• 0 citations
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Low loss superconducting microstrip is an essential component in realizing 100 kilo-pixel multichroic cosmic microwave background detector arrays. We have been developing a low loss microstrip by understanding and controlling the loss mechanisms. We present the fabrication of the superconducting microstrip, the loss measurements at a few GHz frequencies using half-wavelength resonators, and the loss measurements at 220 GHz frequencies with the superconducting microstrip coupled to slot antennas at one end and to TES detectors at the other end. The measured loss tangent of the microstrip made of sputtered Nb and SiOx is 1-2e-3.
We present a dual cut-off, dc-tunable low-pass microwave filter on a superconducting Nb microstrip with uniaxial asymmetric nanogrooves. The frequency response of the device was measured in the range 300 KHz–14 GHz at different temperatures, magnetic fields, and dc values. The microwave loss is most effectively reduced when the Abrikosov vortex lattice spatially matches the underlying washboard pinning landscape. The forward transmission coefficient S21(f) of the microstrip has a dc-tunable cut-off frequency fd which notably changes under dc bias reversal, due to the two different slope steepnesses of the pinning landscape. The device's operation principle relies upon a crossover from the weakly dissipative response of vortices at low frequencies when they are driven over the grooves, to the strongly dissipative response at high frequencies when the vortices are oscillating within one groove. The filter's cut-off frequency is the vortex depinning frequency tunable by the dc bias as it diminishes the pinning effect induced by the nanopattern. The reported results unveil an advanced microwave functionality of superconducting films with asymmetric (ratchet) pinning landscapes and are relevant for tuning the microwave loss in superconducting planar transmission lines.
Abstract Superconducting resonators integrated with germanium (Ge) quantum wells (QWs) offer a promising platform for hybrid quantum devices. Yet, in the most common heterostructure architectures, they have so far been limited by sizable photon losses. Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of microwave resonators patterned in the aluminum (Al) thin film of an in-situ grown superconductor/semiconductor hybrid heterostructure (HS). The semiconductor part of this hybrid HS is grown on a commercial Ge substrate. We consistently achieve internal quality factors Q i > 1000, surpassing previous results on Ge QW heterostructures grown using the concept of a virtual Ge substrate on silicon (Si) substrates. We reach Q i ≈ 49,000 at single-photon occupation and a plateau of Q i ≈ 20,000 at sub-one photon, an order of magnitude larger than any previously reported value of resonators on Ge QW structures at low power. We further characterize the thin Al film forming the resonator, extracting its kinetic inductance and superconducting gap, and studying its magnetic field dependence. Notably, the resonance remains well-defined up to in-plane magnetic fields of 850 mT. A hysteresis emerges in the out-of-plane magnetic field dependence, for both the resonance frequency and the quality factor, indicating an interesting interplay between vortex-and quasiparticle loss mechanisms.