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International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies

Group secret key generation in physical layer, protocols and achievable rates

Tianyu Tang, Ting Jiang, Weixia Zou

Published Sep 1, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The secret group key generation based on physical layer security and information theory security has attracted increasing research interest. In this paper, we propose a scheme to establish the secret group key with the cooperation of all the nodes. To ensure the security of the group communication, a protocol is proposed to implement the collaborative secret group key via circle network topology. We subsequently analyze the achievable theoretical upper bound of the secret group key rate for circle topology in the presence of an eavesdropper. The simulation result shows that the protocol doesn't only assign the computation and broadcast to each node, but also obviously increase the group key generation rate than a benchmark scheme. We further analyze the impact of node number and SNR on the achievable secrecy rate.

DOI
10.1109/iscit.2017.8261170

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The secret group key generation based on physical layer security and information theory security has attracted increasing research interest. In this paper, we propose a scheme to establish the secret group key with the cooperation of all the nodes. To ensure the security of the group communication, a protocol is proposed to implement the collaborative secret group key via circle network topology. We subsequently analyze the achievable theoretical upper bound of the secret group key rate for circle topology in the presence of an eavesdropper. The simulation result shows that the protocol doesn't only assign the computation and broadcast to each node, but also obviously increase the group key generation rate than a benchmark scheme. We further analyze the impact of node number and SNR on the achievable secrecy rate.
Secret group key generation based on physical layer in wireless communications has a lot of practical applications. A few studies focused on the theoretical bounds of the secret key rate based on the sets of received signals rather than a particular secret key generation scheme. We propose a secret group key generation scheme for an arbitrary number of legitimate nodes, n, in mesh topology in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In the scheme, after general pilot signal transmissions at all nodes, each node broadcasts a weighted combination of its received signals with optimized coefficients, so that legitimate nodes can obtain the information of channels used for group key generation while the eavesdropper cannot. We also apply different quantization schemes for quantizing and encoding the estimated channels into keys. To provide detailed transmissions and processing steps of group key generation, we also describe the proposed scheme for 4-node mesh topology case. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a higher secret group key rate and a lower key disagreement rate than a benchmark scheme.
Secret group key generation based on physical layer in wireless communications has a lot of practical applications. A few studies focused on the theoretical bounds of the secret key rate based on the sets of received signals rather than a particular secret key generation scheme. We propose a secret group key generation scheme for an arbitrary number of legitimate nodes, n, in mesh topology in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In the scheme, after general pilot signal transmissions at all nodes, each node broadcasts a weighted combination of its received signals with optimized coefficients, so that legitimate nodes can obtain the information of channels used for group key generation while the eavesdropper cannot. We also apply different quantization schemes for quantizing and encoding the estimated channels into keys. To provide detailed transmissions and processing steps of group key generation, we also describe the proposed scheme for 4-node mesh topology case. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves a higher secret group key rate and a lower key disagreement rate than a benchmark scheme.
This paper explores physical layer group key generation in wireless relay networks with a star topology. In this setup, the relay node plays the role of either a trusted or untrusted central node, while one legitimate node (Alice) acts as the reference node. The channel between the relay and Alice serves as the reference channel. To enhance security during the channel measurement stage, a cooperative jamming-based scheme is proposed in this paper. This scheme allows the relay to obtain superimposed channel observations from both the reference channel and other relay channels. Then, a public discussion is utilized to enable all nodes to obtain estimates of the reference channel. Subsequently, the legitimate nodes can agree on a secret key (SK) that remains secret from the eavesdropper (Eve), or a private key (PK) that needs to be secret from both the relay and Eve. This paper also derives the lower and upper bounds of the SK/PK capacity. Notably, it demonstrates that there exists only a small constant difference between the SK/PK upper and lower bounds in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for ensuring security and efficiency of group key generation.
In this paper, we propose a secret group-key generation scheme in physical layer, where an arbitrary number of multi-antenna LNs (LN) exist in mesh topology with a multi-antenna passive eavesdropper. In the first phase of the scheme, pilot signals are transmitted from selected antennas of all nodes and each node estimates channels linked to it. In the second phase, each node sequentially broadcasts a weighted combination of the estimated channel information using selected coefficients. The other LNs can obtain the channel information used for group-key generation while the eavesdropper cannot. Each node then can generate a group key by quantizing and encoding the estimated channels into keys. We apply well-known quantization schemes, such as scalar and vector quantizations, and compare their performance. To further enhance the key-generation performance, we also provide how to determine the antennas at each node used for group-key generation and the coefficients used in the broadcast phase. The simulation results verify the performance of the proposed secret group-key generation scheme using various key-related metrics. We also verify the practical robustness of our scheme by implementing a testbed using universal software radio peripheral. After generating secret common key among three nodes, we also test it using the National Institute of Standards and Technology test suit. The generated key passes the test and it is random enough for communication secrecy.
It is vitally important to generate keys and keep them secret in secure wireless communications. Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels, secret key distribution is more vulnerable to attacks in wireless communication. An ingenious solution is to generate secret keys by using the multipath channel as a source of common randomness. To address the problems that the existing physical-based protocols have low key generation rate and high reliance on mobile nodes or environments, a fast secret key generation protocol with virtual channel approach was proposed by HUANG and WANG for static wireless networks. In this paper, we show that, in the presence of an eavesdropper with multiple antennas, the scheme does not improve the theoretical upper bound of the key generation rate with information-theory security. Thus, the protocol is not information-theory security.
The Internet of Things technology is one of the important directions of Smart Grid research, involving many wireless sensors and communication facilities, and has high requirements for security. The physical layer security technology can effectively solve the security problems under wireless communication. As the most common application scenario of wireless communication is multi-node wireless network communication, group secret key (GSK) based on physical layer security and information theory security is gradually attracting investigator’s interest. In this paper, a novel physical layer GSK generation scheme based on code-domain exchange of channel information in mesh network is proposed. Instead of traditional side-information exchange in symbol-domain, error-correcting code is applied to finish information exchange and reconciliation simultaneously in code-domain. Each node processes the known channel bit sequence and then encodes it to generate a check sequence. After broadcasting the check bit sequence to other nodes, each node decodes the received check bit sequences to obtained the unknown channel information. The simulation results show that the scheme can effectively reduce the times of information exchanges while keeping a good performance including low bit error rate and low block error rate.