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International Journal of Information & Communication Technology Research

QC-LDPC Codes Construction by Concatenating of Circulant Matrices as Block-Columns

Mohammad Hesam Tadayon, Mohammad Mohammadi

Published Jun 15, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper a new low complexity method for constructing binary quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes is introduced. In the proposed method, each block-column of the parity check matrix H is made by a circulant matrix in a way that the associated Tanner graph is free of cycle four. Each circulant matrix in H is made by a generator column. The generator columns should be selected in a way that each associated circulant matrix and every two distinct circulant matrices are free of cycle four. The generator columns are made by row distance sets. An algorithm for generating distance sets and obtaining circulant matrices with columns of weight three is presented separately. Simplicity of construction and having a good flexible family of quasi cyclic LDPC codes both in rate and length are the main properties of the proposed method. The performance of the proposed codes is compared with that of the random-like and Array LDPC codes over an AWGN channel. Simulation results show that from the performance perspective, the constructed codes are competitive with random-like and Array LDPC codes.

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In this paper a new low complexity method for constructing binary quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes is introduced. In the proposed method, each block-column of the parity check matrix H is made by a circulant matrix in a way that the associated Tanner graph is free of cycle four. Each circulant matrix in H is made by a generator column. The generator columns should be selected in a way that each associated circulant matrix and every two distinct circulant matrices are free of cycle four. The generator columns are made by row distance sets. An algorithm for generating distance sets and obtaining circulant matrices with columns of weight three is presented separately. Simplicity of construction and having a good flexible family of quasi cyclic LDPC codes both in rate and length are the main properties of the proposed method. The performance of the proposed codes is compared with that of the random-like and Array LDPC codes over an AWGN channel. Simulation results show that from the performance perspective, the constructed codes are competitive with random-like and Array LDPC codes.
For a high-rate case, it is difficult to randomly construct good low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes of short and moderate lengths because their Tanner graphs are prone to have short cycles. Also, the existing high-rate quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes can be constructed only for very restricted code parameters. In this paper, based on special classes of cyclic difference families, we propose a new construction method of high-rate regular QC LDPC codes having parity-check matrices consisting of a single row of circulants with column-weight 3 or 4. The proposed QC LDPC codes can be constructed for various code rates and lengths including the minimum achievable length for given column-weight and design rate under girth 6. It is observed that the parity-check matrices of the proposed QC LDPC codes have full rank for column-weight 3 and just one redundant row for column-weight 4. It is shown that the error correcting performance of the proposed QC LDPC codes of short and moderate lengths is almost the same as that of the existing ones through numerical analysis.
Short cycles in the Tanner graph of a given LDPC code has negative effect on the performance of iterative decoding. To improve the performance, we presented an approach for constructing Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes whose associated Tanner graph has large girth and a small amount of short cycles. Each column block of the parity check matrix was designed by adding circulant permutation sub-matrices one after another, provided the current parity check matrix has minimal number of short cycles. The condition for the proposed QC-LDPC codes to have girth at least 6 was also analyzed. Regular and irregular QC-LDPC codes with various lengths and rates can be constructed. Simulations show that the proposed QC-LDPC codes have less short cycles and better performance than existing progressive edge growth based QC-LDPC codes.
This article presents a highly flexible method for constructing high-girth quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes. The proposed algorithm constructs a Tanner graph formed by connecting groups of rows (check nodes) and columns (variable nodes) of the constructed code. To obtain a sub-matrix structure, rows and columns are divided into groups of equal sizes. Rows and columns in a group are connected in their numerical (positional) order to obtain a cyclic structure. Connected rows and columns must satisfy the desired minimum cycle length. We present conditions that guarantee desired girths. The proposed algorithm is by far more flexible in constructing a wide range (rates and lengths) of regular and irregular QC-LDPC codes compared to existing methods. The algorithm, which has linear complexity with respect to the number of rows or columns, provides an easy and fast way to construct QC-LDPC codes. Constructed codes show good bit error rate performances.
This paper presents new half rate Quasi Cyclic Low Density Parity Check (QC- LDPC) codes formed on the basis of combinatorial designs. In these codes, circulant matrices of the parity check matrix are formed on the basis of subsets in which the difference between any two elements of a subset is unique with all differences obtained from the same or different subsets. This structure of circulant matrices guarantees non-existence of cycle-4 in the Tanner graph of QC-LDPC codes. First, an irregular code with girth 6 constituted by two rows of circulant matrices is proposed. Then, more criteria will be considered on the structure of subsets with the mentioned feature aiming to represent a new scheme of regular QC-LPDC codes with girth at least 8. From simulations, it is confirmed that codes have similar to or better performance than other well-known half rate codes, while require lower complexity in their design.
Low-density Parity-check (LDPC) coding is a class of advanced channel coding techniques. To improve the performance of LDPC codes, a simple and effective method to construct QC-LDPC codes without short cycles (cycles of length four and six) is proposed. The approach is especially effective when the parity-check matrix of QC-LDPC codes is composed of circulant permutation matrices. Firstly, we analyze the shapes of the cycles in the exponent matrix, to get the required conditions of no four-cycles and six-cycles. Then we show how to construct the parity-check matrix without four-cycles and six-cycles by filling rows of the exponent matrix with arithmetic sequences. Simulation results show that the proposed codes have better performance than array codes. Though the performance of the proposed codes is not as well as random codes at higher Eb/N0, they can be applied to practical communications because of being encoded in linear time with shift registers.
Multi-type quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can be considered as multiple-edge protograph QC-LDPC codes having some advantages in the minimum Hamming distance bound over single-edge protograph codes or type-I QC-LDPC codes when the base matrices have the same size. In this paper, we investigate a class of multi-type QC-LDPC codes whose parity-check matrices contain just one blockrow of circulants and we obtain the generator matrix of such codes in general form. Using the permutation arrays and defining injection arrays, we present a new approach to construct a class of high-rate type-I QC-LDPC codes with girth 6 from the constructed 4-cycle free multi-type QC-LDPC codes. In continue, for 2 ≤ w ≤ 6, some type-w QC-LDPC codes with girth 6 are constructed explicitly such that the constructed codes are flexible in terms of rate and length. To the best of our knowledge, for w = 5,6, this is the first paper which deals with the explicit construction of type-w QC-LDPC codes with girth 6 and high rates. Moreover, for w = 3,4, the constructed type-w QC-LDPC codes have better (6,8)-cycle multiplicities than the codes with minimum achievable length recently constructed by cyclic difference families (CDFs). Simulation results show that the binary and non-binary constructed codes outperform the constituent underlying QC-LDPC codes.