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理论物理通讯：英文版

Interaction of F = 2 Spinor Bose Condensate with Driven External Magnetic Fields

JIAOZhi-Yong, Zhiyong, Tang, Lian, Yu, Zhao-Xian

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this letter, we have studied the interaction of F=2 spinor Bose condensate with a combination of staticand sinusoidal magnetic field bl(t) = b0 + bcos(ωt). We find that the tunneling current among spin 0 and spin ±l,spin 0 and spin ±2, spin ±1 and spin ±2 may exhibit the incremental oscillation behavior, which depends on the fieldparameters of the reduced amplitudes of the transverse and the longitudinal magnetic fields respectively. This meansthat the dynamics spin localization can be adjusted experimentally by selecting the less values of the reduced amplitudesof the transverse magnetic field bx/ω and those of the longitudinal magnetic field b/ω.

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In this letter, we have studied the interaction of F=2 spinor Bose condensate with a combination of staticand sinusoidal magnetic field bl(t) = b0 + bcos(ωt). We find that the tunneling current among spin 0 and spin ±l,spin 0 and spin ±2, spin ±1 and spin ±2 may exhibit the incremental oscillation behavior, which depends on the fieldparameters of the reduced amplitudes of the transverse and the longitudinal magnetic fields respectively. This meansthat the dynamics spin localization can be adjusted experimentally by selecting the less values of the reduced amplitudesof the transverse magnetic field bx/ω and those of the longitudinal magnetic field b/ω.
We have studied the interaction of spinor Bose condensate with a combination of static and sinusoidal magnetic field . We find that the tunneling current among spin 0 and spin , spin 0 and spin , spin and spin may exhibit the incremental oscillation behavior, which depends on the field parameters of the reduced amplitudes of the transverse and the longitudinal magnetic fields respectively. This means that the dynamics spin localization can be adjusted experimentally by selecting the less values of the reduced amplitudes of the transverse magnetic field and those of the longitudinal magnetic field .
In this letter, we have studied the influence of the external magnetic fields on tunneling of the spin-1 Bose condensate. We find that the population transfer between spin-0 and spin-±1 exhibits the step structure under the external cosinusoidal magnetic field and a combination of static and cosinusoidal one, respectively. Compared with the longitudinal component of the external magnetic field, the smaller the transverse component of the magnetic field is, the larger the time scale of exhibiting the step structure does. The tunneling current may exhibit periodically oscillation behavior when the ratio of the transverse component of the magnetic field is smaller than that of the longitudinal component, otherwise it exhibits a damply oscillating behavior. This means that the dynamical spin localization can be adjusted by the external magnetic fields.
Dynamic response of the F=2F=2F=2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) under the influence of external magnetic fields is studied. A general formula is given for the oscillation period to describe population transfer from the initial polar state to other spin states. We show that when the frequency and the reduced amplitude of the longitudinal magnetic field are related in a specific manner, the population of the initial spin-0 state will be dynamically localized during time evolution. The effects of external noise and nonlinear spin-exchange interaction on the dynamics of the spinor BEC are studied. We show that while the external noise may eventually destroy the Rabi oscillations and dynamic spin localization, these coherent phenomena are robust against the nonlinear atomic interaction.
We study the macroscopic quantum tunneling of magnetization of the F=1F=1F=1 spinor condensate interacting through dipole-dipole interaction with an external magnetic field applied along the longitudinal or transverse direction. We show that the ground state energy and the effective magnetic moment of the system exhibit an interesting macroscopic quantum oscillation phenomenon originating from the oscillating dependence of thermodynamic properties of the system on the vacuum angle. Tunneling between two degenerate minima are analyzed by means of an effective potential method and the periodic instanton method.
We experimentally investigate and analyze the rich dynamics in F=2F=2F=2 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{b}87Rb. An interplay between mean-field driven spin dynamics and hyperfine-changing losses in addition to interactions with the thermal component is observed. In particular, we measure conversion rates in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for spin-changing collisions within the F=2F=2F=2 manifold and spin-dependent loss rates in the range of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for hyperfine-changing collisions. We observe polar behavior in the F=2F=2F=2 ground state of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{b}87Rb, while we find the F=1F=1F=1 ground state to be ferromagnetic. We further see a magnetization for condensates prepared with nonzero total spin.
We report on the observation of a collective spin mode in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. Initially, all spins point perpendicular to the external magnetic field. The lowest energy mode consists of a sinusoidal oscillation of the local spin around its original axis, with an oscillation amplitude that linearly depends on the spatial coordinates. The frequency of the oscillation is set by the zero-point kinetic energy of the BEC. The observations are in excellent agreement with hydrodynamic equations. The observed spin mode has a universal character, independent of the atomic spin and spin-dependent contact interactions.