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Laser Trapping of 21 Na Atoms

Zheng-Tien Lu

Published Jan 1, 1994• 0 citations
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Abstract

This thesis describes an experiment in which about four thousand radioactive 2l Na ( tlfl = 22 sec) atoms were trapped in a magneto-optical trap with laser beams.Trapped 21 Na v IV Various Trap Loading Schemes 41 4.1 Trapping From Vapor 41 4.2 Trap Loading with a Slow Atomic Beam• 43 4.3 Reversed Field Zeeman Tuning Slowing 44 . .4.4 Addition of an Extraction Coil 46 v Laser System for a Simple• Magneto-Optical Trap 48 .,

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This thesis describes an experiment in which about four thousand radioactive 2l Na ( tlfl = 22 sec) atoms were trapped in a magneto-optical trap with laser beams.Trapped 21 Na v IV Various Trap Loading Schemes 41 4.1 Trapping From Vapor 41 4.2 Trap Loading with a Slow Atomic Beam• 43 4.3 Reversed Field Zeeman Tuning Slowing 44 . .4.4 Addition of an Extraction Coil 46 v Laser System for a Simple• Magneto-Optical Trap 48 .,
We describe an experiment which demonstrates the feasibility of trapping significant quantities of short-lived radioactive atoms with laser light. A thermal beam of 22.5 sec half-life 21Na^{21}\mathrm{Na}21Na atoms was produced on-line at the LBL 88'' Cyclotron. After decelerating the beam using a Zeeman-tuned slowing technique we stored about 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}103{10}^{3}103 21Na^{21}\mathrm{Na}21Na atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The number of trapped atoms is large enough to be used in experimental studies of the beta decay of 21Na^{21}\mathrm{Na}21Na. The basic method can be adapted for other rare isotopes.
We investigate the loading of a two-color vapor-cell magneto-optical trap for sodium atoms as a function of several operational parameters of the trap. We use two laser frequencies acting in different spatial regions to obtain either enhancement or inhibition of the capture mechanism. We demonstrate that the best enhancement is achieved when the trap operates on a combination of atomic transitions, known as type I tuning, by using a second laser beam to capture atoms through a different combination of transitions (type II tuning).
A magneto-optical trap for francium radioactive atoms has been set up at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Legnaro laboratories, and its characterization and optimization are under way. The main features of the Fr+ beam line, of the target, and of the magneto-optical trap are described in detail. Measurements of the Fr-ion production rate as a function of the target temperature, the primary beam intensity, and energy have been made. Preliminary tests with other stable alkali atoms aimed at an improvement of the magneto-optical trap collection efficiency are reported. Fast and efficient trap loading of rubidium has been obtained through the light-induced atomic desorption from an organic coating. A larger number of sodium atoms, as compared with a monochromatic trapping laser, has been trapped by use of a broadband laser.
We have developed a new scheme to produce a dense trap of sodium atoms in the magneto-optical trap using the transition of F=1 to F'=0 states. In a conventional Zeeman slower a bias magnetic field is applied in the deceleration region to prevent the optical pumping to the F=1 state, so that sodium atoms interact with the cooling radiation of F=2 to F'=3. As a result, many of slow atoms in the F=2 state continue to decelerate adiabatically even at the exit of the solenoid and remain inside the magnetic field. However, slow atoms could be extracted outside the magnetic field, if they are transferred to the F=1 state by the optical pumping via the F'=2 state. Therefore, we reduced the strength of the bias magnetic field. We trapped the slow sodium atoms in the F=1 state directly in the magneto-optical trap.
We demonstrate experimentally the continuous and pulsed loading of a slow and cold atomic beam into a magnetic guide. The slow beam is produced using a vapor loaded laser trap, which ensures two-dimensional magneto-optical trapping, as well as cooling by a moving molasses along the third direction. It provides a continuous flux larger than 10910^9109 atoms/s with an adjustable mean velocity ranging from 0.3 to 3 m/s, and with longitudinal and transverse temperatures smaller than 100μ100 \mu100μK. Up to 31083 10^83108 atoms/s are injected into the magnetic guide and subsequently guided over a distance of 40 cm.