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Journal of Physics Communications

Density-wave instability and collective modes in a bilayer system of antiparallel dipoles

E. Akaturk, Saeed H. Abedinpour, B. Tanatar

Published Dec 7, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a bilayer of dipolar particles in which the polarization of dipoles is perpendicular to the planes, in the antiparallel configuration. Using accurate static structure factor data from hypernetted-chain (HNC) and Fermi HNC calculations, respectively for an isolated layer of dipolar bosons and dipolar fermions, we construct effective screened intralayer interactions. Adopting the random-phase approximation for interlayer interactions, we investigate the instability of these homogeneous bilayer systems towards the formation of density waves by studying the poles of the density–density response function. We have also studied the collective modes of these systems and find that the dispersion of their antisymmetric collective mode signals the emergence of the density wave instability as well.

DOI
10.1088/2399-6528/aa9fc1

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We consider a bilayer of dipolar particles in which the polarization of dipoles is perpendicular to the planes, in the antiparallel configuration. Using accurate static structure factor data from hypernetted-chain (HNC) and Fermi HNC calculations, respectively for an isolated layer of dipolar bosons and dipolar fermions, we construct effective screened intralayer interactions. Adopting the random-phase approximation for interlayer interactions, we investigate the instability of these homogeneous bilayer systems towards the formation of density waves by studying the poles of the density–density response function. We have also studied the collective modes of these systems and find that the dispersion of their antisymmetric collective mode signals the emergence of the density wave instability as well.
We consider a bilayer of dipolar bosons in which the polarization of dipoles are perpendicular to the planes. Using accurate static structure factor S(q)S(q)S(q) data from hypernetted-chain calculation for single layer dipolar bosons we construct effective screened interactions for intralayer particles. We adopt the random-phase approximation for interlayer interactions. We study the instability of the homogeneous bilayer system against the formation of density waves by investigating the poles of the density-density response function. The dispersion of collective modes of this system also signals the density-wave instability. We also investigate the effect of counterflow on the collective mode dispersion and on the density-wave instability and discuss the dissipationless superfluid drag effect in the presence of a background velocity.
In a bilayer system of fermionic dipoles, full control over the strength of the attractive interactions between two layers leads to the BCS-BEC crossover. Here, using the BCS mean-field theory, we study such a crossover in symmetric bilayers of ultracold dipolar fermions with their dipole moments perpendicular to layers. In particular, we investigate how the pairing between two layers and the many-body screening of interlayer interaction affect each other. We compare results for pairings obtained with three different approximations for the interlayer interactions, namely, bare dipole-dipole interaction, the random-phase approximation for screening obtained in the normal phase, and the self-consistent superfluid phase screening within the random-phase approximation. We find that at weak couplings the screening further suppresses the pairing, while at strong couplings, the screening is suppressed due to the pairing gap in the quasiparticle spectrum. Therefore a self-consistent treatment of both screening and pairing on equal footings is necessary for obtaining the correct picture of the phase diagram and order parameter at both small and large layer spacings and densities. We also notice that the signals of highly speculated density-wave instability in dipolar bilayers only appear in the normal phase screened interlayer interaction.
We investigate the phase diagram of dipolar fermions with aligned dipole moments in a two-dimensional (2D) bilayer. Using a version of the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sj\"olander scheme recently adapted to dipolar fermions in a single layer [M. M. Parish and F. M. Marchetti, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 145304 (2012)], we determine the density-wave instabilities of the bilayer system within linear response theory. We find that the bilayer geometry can stabilize the collapse of the 2D dipolar Fermi gas with intralayer attraction to form a new density wave phase that has an orientation perpendicular to the density wave expected for strong intralayer repulsion. We thus obtain a quantum phase transition between stripe phases that is driven by the interplay between strong correlations and the architecture of the low-dimensional system.
We consider the density wave instability of fermionic dipoles aligned by an external field and moving in equidistant layers at zero temperature. Using a conserving Hartree–Fock approximation, we show that correlations between dipoles in different layers significantly decrease the critical coupling strength for the formation of density waves when the distance between the layers is comparable to the inter-particle distance within each layer. This effect, which is strongest when the dipoles are oriented perpendicular to the planes, causes the density waves in neighboring layers to be in-phase for all orientations of the dipoles. We, furthermore, demonstrate that the effects of the interlayer interaction can be understood from a classical model. Finally, we show that the interlayer correlations are important for experimentally relevant dipolar molecules, including the chemically stable 23 Na 40 K and 40 K 133 Cs, where the density wave regime is within experimental reach.
We study the zero temperature phase diagram of an imbalanced bilayer of dipolar fermions. We consider perpendicularly aligned identical dipoles in two layers and investigate the effect of population imbalance on the ground state phase at different layer spacings and average densities. The attractive part of the interlayer interaction could lead to the BEC-BCS crossover and the Fermi surface mismatch between two layers results in interesting uniform and nonuniform superfluid phases, which we have investigated here using the BCS mean-field theory together with the superfluid-mass density criterion. The density imbalance reduces the pairing gap. At low densities, where the system is on the BEC side of the crossover, this reduction is quite smooth while a dense system rapidly becomes normal at intermediate density polarizations. Stable homogeneous superfluidity is predicted to appear on the phase diagram when the dipolar length exceeds both the layer spacing and the average intralayer distance between dipoles, a regime which should be readily accessible experimentally. This homogeneous superfluid phase becomes unstable at intermediate densities and layer spacings. We have also examined that these uniform and inhomogeneous superfluid phases survive when the effects of intralayer screenings are also incorporated in the formalism.
Dipolar bilayers with antiparallel polarization, i.e., opposite polarization in the two layers, exhibit liquidlike rather than gaslike behavior. In particular, even without external pressure, a self-bound liquid droplet of constant density will form. We investigate the symmetric case of two identical layers, corresponding to a two-component Bose system with equal partial densities. The zero-temperature equation of state $E(\ensuremath{\rho})/N$, where $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is the total density, has a minimum, with an equilibrium density that can be adjusted by the distance ddd between the layers (decreasing with increasing ddd). The attraction necessary for a self-bound liquid comes from the interlayer dipole-dipole interaction that leads to a mediated intralayer attraction. We investigate the regime of negative pressure towards the spinodal instability, where the bilayer is unstable against infinitesimal fluctuations of the total density, confirmed by calculations of the speed of sound of total density fluctuations.