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Applied Physics Express

Fluorescence detection using optical waveguide collection device with high efficiency on assembly of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond

Shaowen Zhang, Zongmin Ma, Li Qin, Yueping Fu, Yunbo Shi, Jun Liu, Yan Jun Li

Published Dec 15, 2017• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fluorescence detection using optical waveguide collection device with high efficiency on assembly of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond, Zhang, Shaowen, Ma, Zongmin, Qin, Li, Fu, Yueping, Shi, Yunbo, Liu, Jun, Li, Yan Jun
DOI
10.7567/apex.11.013007

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A common limitation of experiments using color centers in diamond is the poor photon collection efficiency of microscope objectives due to refraction at the diamond interface. We present a simple and effective technique to detect a large fraction of photons emitted by color centers within a planar diamond sample by detecting light that is guided to the edges of the diamond via total internal reflection. We describe a prototype device using this ``side-collection'' technique, which provides a photon collection efficiency $\ensuremath{\approx}47%$ and a photon detection efficiency $\ensuremath{\approx}39%$. We apply the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio gained from side collection to ac magnetometry using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers, and demonstrate an ac magnetic field sensitivity $\ensuremath{\approx}100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{pT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, limited by added noise in the prototype side-collection device. Technical optimization should allow significant further improvements in photon collection and detection efficiency as well as subpicotesla NV-diamond magnetic field sensitivity using the side-collection technique.