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IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering

Magnetic field dependent intensity variation in the hyperfine split Rb D1 and D2 lines

Jianping Hu, M. Ummal Momeen

Published Nov 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the variation of intensity in Doppler-free hyperfine lines for rubidium atoms with the application of magnetic field. Different polarization configurations have been studied systematically with varying magnetic fields. There is a significant increase in the intensity variation with applied magnetic field related to different polarization configurations. These variations are explained with the theoretical calculations. The calculations are performed by adopting Nakayama's four level model with the varying magnetic field induced transition probability.

DOI
10.1088/1757-899x/263/2/022003

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We present the variation of intensity in Doppler-free hyperfine lines for rubidium atoms with the application of magnetic field. Different polarization configurations have been studied systematically with varying magnetic fields. There is a significant increase in the intensity variation with applied magnetic field related to different polarization configurations. These variations are explained with the theoretical calculations. The calculations are performed by adopting Nakayama's four level model with the varying magnetic field induced transition probability.
Zeeman splitting in the D 2 line of rubidium atoms ( 87 Rb and 85 Rb) has been studied using 'Doppler broadened' as well as 'saturation absorption spectroscopy'. While a linearly polarized beam was used for the former experiment, in the latter case a (π, σ ± ) polarization configuration was employed for both pump and probe beams. Zeeman lines have been observed by applying a field up to 5 mT. The field variation of relative line intensities in Doppler-broadened spectrum was determined following Tremblay et al and Nakayama's four-level model. For the saturation spectrum, a four-level model was used. Because the enhancement of absorption at the field is as low as 1 mT, the F g = 2 to F e = 3 transition for 87 Rb can be used as the reference for laser locking. Level crossing is observed in 85 Rb at fields less than 5 mT.
We studied alignment-to-orientation conversion caused by excited-state level crossings in a nonzero magnetic field of both atomic rubidium isotopes. Experimental measurements were performed on the transitions of the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of rubidium. These measured signals were described by a theoretical model that takes into account all neighboring hyperfine transitions, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. In the experiments, laser-induced fluorescence components were observed at linearly polarized excitation and their difference was taken afterwards. By observing the two oppositely circularly polarized components, we were able to see structures not visible in the difference graphs, which give deeper insight into the processes responsible for these signals. We studied how these signals are dependent on intensity and how they are affected when the exciting laser is tuned to different hyperfine transitions. The comparison between experiment and theory was carried out fulfilling the nonlinear absorption conditions. The theoretical curves described the experimental measurements satisfactorily, reproducing even small features in the shapes of the curves.
We perform saturated absorption spectroscopy on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line for room temperature rubidium atoms immersed in magnetic fields within the 0.05--0.13 T range. At those medium-high field values the hyperfine structure in the excited state is broken by the Zeeman effect, while in the ground-state hyperfine structure and Zeeman shifts are comparable. The observed spectra are composed by a large number of absorption lines. We identify them as saturated absorptions on two-level systems, on three-level systems in a V\mathsf{V}V configuration, and on four-level systems in an N\mathsf{N}N or double-N\mathsf{N}N configuration where two optical transitions not sharing a common level are coupled by spontaneous emission decays. We analyze the intensity of all those transitions within a unified simple theoretical model. We concentrate our attention on the double-N\mathsf{N}N crossovers signals whose intensity is very large because of the symmetry in the branching ratios of the four levels. We point out that these structures, present in all alkali-metal atoms at medium-high magnetic fields, have interesting properties for electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light applications.
We studied magneto-optical resonances caused by excited-state level crossings in a nonzero magnetic field. Experimental measurements were performed on the transitions of the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of rubidium. These measured signals were described by a theoretical model that takes into account all neighboring hyperfine transitions, the mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field, the coherence properties of the exciting laser radiation, and the Doppler effect. Good agreement between the experimental measurements and the theoretical model could be achieved over a wide range of laser power densities. We further showed that the contrasts of the level-crossing peaks can be sensitive to changes in the frequency of the exciting laser radiation as small as several tens of megahertz when the hyperfine splitting of the exciting state is larger than the Doppler broadening.
We perform saturated absorption spectroscopy on the D2_22​ line for room temperature rubidium atoms immersed in magnetic fields within the 0.05-0.13 T range. At those medium-high field values the hyperfine structure in the excited state is broken by the Zeeman effect, while in the ground state hyperfine structure and Zeeman shifts are comparable. The observed spectra are composed by a large number of absorption lines. We identify them as saturated absorptions on two-level systems, on three-level systems in a V configuration and on four-level systems in a N or double-N configuration where two optical transitions not sharing a common level are coupled by spontaneous emission decays. We analyze the intensity of all those transitions within a unified simple theoretical model. We concentrate our attention on the double-N crossovers signals whose intensity is very large because of the symmetry in the branching ratios of the four levels. We point out that these structures, present in all alkali atoms at medium-high magnetic fields, have interesting properties for electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light applications.
Effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the degenerate two-level system at the F g =2→ F e =1,2, and 3 transitions of the 87 Rb D2 line have been investigated. Two different polarization configurations, such as linear parallel and linear perpendicular polarizations of coupling and probe lasers, have been studied. We study the significant variation of EIT and EIA due to the effect of the neighboring transitions via artificial variation of the hyperfine spacings of the 5 P 3/2 state. We have a new observation such as EIT instead of EIA due to the neighboring effect, even in the case of closed systems such as F g =2→ F e =3 of 87 Rb for the linear parallel configuration, for the first time to our best knowledge. The observed spectra match well with theoretically calculated spectra. EIAs for the open F g =2→ F e =1 and 2 transitions at the linear perpendicular polarization are observed due to neighboring effects. This system may be applied to optical switching systems for future quantum processing application.