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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Quantum random number generator based on quantum nature of vacuum fluctuations

A. E. Ivanova, Sergey A. Chivilikhin, Artur V. Gleim

Published Nov 1, 2017• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum random number generator (QRNG) allows obtaining true random bit sequences. In QRNG based on quantum nature of vacuum, optical beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used. We compare mathematical descriptions of spatial beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in the quantum model for QRNG, based on homodyne detection. These descriptions were identical, that allows to use fiber Y-splitters in practical QRNG schemes, simplifying the setup. Also we receive relations between the input radiation and the resulting differential current in homodyne detector. We experimentally demonstrate possibility of true random bits generation by using QRNG based on homodyne detection with Y-splitter.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/917/6/062008

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Quantum random number generator (QRNG) allows obtaining true random bit sequences. In QRNG based on quantum nature of vacuum, optical beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used. We compare mathematical descriptions of spatial beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in the quantum model for QRNG, based on homodyne detection. These descriptions were identical, that allows to use fiber Y-splitters in practical QRNG schemes, simplifying the setup. Also we receive relations between the input radiation and the resulting differential current in homodyne detector. We experimentally demonstrate possibility of true random bits generation by using QRNG based on homodyne detection with Y-splitter.
A quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the quantum nature of vacuum fluctuations allows one to obtain random bit sequences that can be used in applications that require a high degree of randomness.In that type of quantum random generation system, optical beam splitters with two inputs and two outputs are normally used.A comparison of Y-splitter and spatial beam splitters shows that for two types of optical splitters, the quantum mathematical description of output signals is identical.This allows the use of fiber Y-splitters in practical QRNG schemes.The possibility of generating true random bits was demonstrated experimentally by using quantum random number generator based on homodyne detection.
Quantum random number generation allows the obtaining of true random numbers that can be used for applications (e.g.,a cryptography) requiring a high degree of randomness.In this paper, we give a mathematical description of a quantum random number generation system using homodyne detection.As a result of the theoretical research, we obtained the description of the relationship between beam splitter input radiation and differential current on detectors after beam splitting.We derived equations allowing one to estimate the scheme parameters imperfection impact on measurement results.We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum description of Y-splitter and beam splitter with two inputs, which allows the use Y-splitter for the implementation of quantum random number generation systems based on vacuum quantum fluctuations.
Quantum random number generators based on vacuum fluctuations produce truly random numbers that can be used for applications are requiring a high degree of randomness.A beam splitter with two inputs and two outputs is normally used in these systems.In this paper, mathematical descriptions were obtained for the use of such beam splitter and fiber Y-splitter in quantum random number generation systems with homodyne detection.We derived equations which allowed us to estimate the impact of the scheme parameters' imperfection upon measurement results.We also obtained mathematical expressions, demonstrating the equivalence of quantum descriptions for a Y-splitter and a beam splitter with two inputs.
Random Number Generators (QRNGs) represent a promising alternative to classical pseudorandom methods, providing a genuine source of randomness based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.This article investigates a particular class of QRNGs -Optical Quantum Random Number Generators (OQRNGs) -which rely on phenomena such as quantum state superposition, wavefunction collapse, vacuum fluctuations, and Raman scattering to generate random bits.The architecture of these systems is analyzed in detail, along with the types of photon sources and detectors employed, as well as the entropy extraction mechanisms.Through a comparative approach, the advantages and limitations of each technology are highlighted: from the simplicity of implementation in beam-splitter-based generators to the high bit rates and scalability offered by systems using homodyne detection or Raman-based schemes.The study results indicate that OQRNGs can be successfully integrated into critical post-quantum security infrastructures, providing verifiable randomness that is fundamentally irreproducible by algorithmic means.In conclusion, optical quantum random number generators constitute a key step toward enhancing digital security by directly harnessing the fundamental uncertainty inherent in the physical nature of light.