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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Modal analysis of photon-number statics in a supercontinuum laser pulse

Aruto Hosaka, Masaya Tomita, Tsubasa Otsuka, Fumihiko Kannari

Published Jun 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A supercontinuum (SC) laser pulse, which is generated through third-order nonlinear process, is valuable light for various applications such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), and spectral measurement. Coherence of a SC pulse is one of the most important properties because the accuracy and sensitivity of these measurements are determined by its noise property. Recently, the second-order coherence property has been revealed by some numerical simulations and experiments [1, 2]. According to these previous reports, the coherence of the SC pulse has been almost lost through the spectral broadening process. However, the depletion of the coherence has been studied only in two bases: time and frequency. Thus, we experimentally study the coherent basis from noisy modes of the SC pulse by utilizing multimode quantum theory [3, 4].

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087304

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A supercontinuum (SC) laser pulse, which is generated through third-order nonlinear process, is valuable light for various applications such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), and spectral measurement. Coherence of a SC pulse is one of the most important properties because the accuracy and sensitivity of these measurements are determined by its noise property. Recently, the second-order coherence property has been revealed by some numerical simulations and experiments [1, 2]. According to these previous reports, the coherence of the SC pulse has been almost lost through the spectral broadening process. However, the depletion of the coherence has been studied only in two bases: time and frequency. Thus, we experimentally study the coherent basis from noisy modes of the SC pulse by utilizing multimode quantum theory [3, 4].
Suprecontinuum (SC) light contains complex spectral noise structure and its accurate characterization is important for fundamental understanding of its physics as well as for its applications. Several experimental and theoretical noise characterizations have been performed so far. However, none of them takes into account the quantum mechanical properties. Here, we demonstrate experimental characterisation of quantum noise and its spectral correlations formed in the SC light generated from a photonic crystal fiber. Moreover, by applying an appropriate basis transformation to these correlations, we demonstrate that the SC noise amplitude can be squeezed below the shot-noise limit in some bases, even in the presence of excessively large nonlinearities.
The work presented in this thesis deals with the coherence of optical pulse trains in time, frequency, and space domains.This thesis, based on the second-order coherence theory of nonstationary light, primarily consists of theoretical investigations which result in useful insights in the coherence characterization of pulsed optical sources.Analytical models that physically represent supercontinuum pulse trains, broadband axicon fields, and slightly disturbed mode-locked pulse trains are proposed.Numerically simulated realizations of supercontinuum pulse trains are also considered in this study.In addition, an experimental setup with corresponding analytical analysis is presented to illustrate the evaluation of the two-time coherence function of pulse trains and it is shown that for that one needs to perform time-resolved measurements of the interference fringes.Moreover, information conveyed by the timeintegrated measurements of the interference fringes produced by supercontinuum light and slightly perturbed mode-locked laser is explained through analytical and numerical investigations.An experimental demonstration of the time-integrated measurements is reported for an almost fully coherent femtosecond pulse train.
We measure experimentally the second-order coherence properties of supercontinuum generated in a photonic crystal fiber. Our approach is based on measuring separately the quasicoherent and quasistationary contributions to the cross-spectral density and mutual coherence functions using a combination of interferometric and nonlinear gating techniques. This allows us to introduce two-dimensional coherence spectrograms which provide a direct characterization and convenient visualization of the spectrotemporal coherence properties. The measured second-order coherence functions are in very good agreement with numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Our results pave the way towards the full experimental characterization of supercontinuum coherence properties. More generally, they provide a generic approach for the complete experimental measurement of the coherence of broadband sources.
The propagation of ultrafast pulses in dispersion-engineered waveguides, exhibiting strong field confinement in both space and time, is a promising avenue towards single-photon nonlinearities in an all-optical platform. However, quantum engineering in such systems requires new numerical tools and physical insights to harness their complicated multimode and nonlinear quantum dynamics. In this work, we use a self-consistent, multimode Gaussian-state model to capture the nonlinear dynamics of broadband quantum fluctuations and correlations, including entanglement. Notably, despite its parametrization by Gaussian states, our model exhibits nonlinear dynamics in both the mean field and the quantum correlations, giving it a marked advantage over conventional linearized treatments of quantum noise, especially for systems exhibiting gain saturation and strong nonlinearities. Numerically, our approach takes the form of a Gaussian split-step Fourier (GSSF) method, naturally generalizing highly efficient SSF methods used in classical ultrafast nonlinear optics; the equations for GSSF evaluate in O(M2log⁡M)O(M^2\log M)O(M2logM) time for an MMM-mode system with O(M2)O(M^2)O(M2) quantum correlations. To demonstrate the broad applicability of GSSF, we numerically study quantum noise dynamics and multimode entanglement in several ultrafast systems, from canonical soliton propagation in third-order (χ(3)χ^{(3)}χ(3)) waveguides to saturated χ(2)χ^{(2)}χ(2) broadband parametric generation and supercontinuum generation, e.g., as recently demonstrated in thin-film lithium niobate nanophotonics.
The multiplexing and ultrafast multichannel spatially-resolved demultiplexing of supercontinuum (SC) coherence data packets using a coherent time-to-space conversion is proposed as a novel approach for free-space ultrafast laser communication. The femtosecond coherence time of spectrally extended SC pulses is used on the femtosecond time scale without the need for femtosecond pulses. The proposed scheme for data packets coherence multiplexing and demultiplexing is experimentally demonstrated. This SC approach has the capability of processing multigigabits per second information for free-space laser communication applications.