Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Three-photon Gaussian–Gaussian–Laguerre–Gaussian excitation of a localized atom to a highly excited Rydberg state

Leila Mashhadi

Published Oct 16, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Optical vortices are currently one of the most intensively studied topics in light–matter interaction. In this work, a three-step axial Doppler- and recoil-free Gaussian–Gaussian-Laguerre–Gaussian (GGLG) excitation of a localized atom to the highly excited Rydberg state is presented. By assuming a large detuning for intermediate states, an effective quadrupole excitation related to the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) excitation to the highly excited Rydberg state is obtained. This special excitation system radially confines the single highly excited Rydberg atom independently of the trapping system into a sharp potential landscape into the so-called ‘far-off-resonance optical dipole-quadrupole trap’ (FORDQT). The key parameters of the Rydberg excitation to the highly excited state, namely the effective Rabi frequency and the effective detuning including a position-dependent AC Stark shift, are calculated in terms of the basic parameters of the LG beam and of the polarization of the excitation lasers. It is shown that the obtained parameters can be tuned to have a precise excitation of a single atom to the desired Rydberg state as well. The features of transferring the optical orbital and spin angular momentum of the polarized LG beam to the atom via quadrupole Rydberg excitation offer a long-lived and controllable qudit quantum memory. In addition, in contrast to the Gaussian laser beam, the doughnut-shaped LG beam makes it possible to use a high intensity laser beam to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in quadrupole excitation with minimized perturbations coming from stray light broadening in the last Rydberg excitation process.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aa93cb

Related papers

Tightly trapped highly excited Rydberg atom in dipole–quadrupole potential landscape

Leila Mashhadi

In this paper, coherent Rydberg excitation of a single four-level atom in tightly confining trap so-called ‘far-off-resonance optical dipole-quadrupole trap’ (FORDQT) by considering Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams spatial features is demonstrated. The self-trapping potential results from the position dependent differential AC Stark shift of the ground state and Rydberg state in the effective quadrupole Rydberg excitation. By introducing the effective stiffness of the FORDQT potential in terms of the key parameters of the first and Rydberg excitation laser beams, a technique to obtain sub-micron localization of Rydberg excitation is explored. The complete matched trapping potential of the ground state and Rydberg state near the center of the trap maintains the coherence of the Rydberg excitation. Transfer of optical orbital angular momentum from the LG-beam to the Rydberg-state via localized effective quadrupole excitation process paves the way for implementation of high fidelity qudit gates in high dimensional quantum information process.

Journal of Modern Optics•Sep 5, 2019•3 citations

Localized Excitation of Single Atom to a Rydberg State with Structured Laser Beam for Quantum Information

Leila Mashhadi, Gholamreza Shayeganrad

Sufficient control over the excitation of the Rydberg atom as a quantum memory is crucial for the fast and deterministic preparation and manipulation of the quantum information. Considering the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam spatial features, localized excitation of a four-level atom to a highly excited Rydberg state is presented. The position-dependent AC-Stark shift of the first and Rydberg state in the effective quadrupole two-level description of a far-detuned three-photon Rydberg excitation results in a steep trapping potential for Rydberg state. The transfer of optical orbital angular momentum from LG beam to the Rydberg state via quadrupole transition in the last Rydberg excitation process offers a long-lived and controllable qudit quantum memory. The effective quadrupole Rabi frequency is presented as a function of ratio of the first to Rydberg excitation laser beam waist and the center of mass position inside the trap. It depicts high accuracy of detecting Rydberg atom at the center of the trap, which can pave the way for implementation of high-fidelity qudit gate.

IntechOpen eBooks•Apr 10, 2019•1 citation

Quadrupole excitation of atoms with tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian beams

Leila Mashhadi, Gholamreza Shayeganrad

This article investigates the quadrupole excitation of a trapped atom exposed to the tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams with parallel and antiparallel spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) under nonparaxial conditions. The Rabi frequency profile of allowed quadrupole transition channels, modified by SAM and OAM interaction, in the focal plane is provided. In the case of antiparallel SAM and OAM, the excitation probability undergoes substantial modification due to the considerable contribution of longitudinal intensity variations in tightly focused condition. The findings offer insights into controlling localized atom transition, including OAM transfer, with potential applications in qudit-based technologies.

Optics Express•Feb 14, 2024•3 citations

OSTsILLYaTsII RABI PRI TREKhFOTONNOM LAZERNOM VOZBUZhDENII ODINOChNOGO RIDBERGOVSKOGO ATOMA RUBIDIYa V OPTIChESKOY DIPOL'NOY LOVUShKE

Ilya I. Beterov, Elena A. Yakshina, G. Suliman +8 more

In an experiment on three-photon laser excitation 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 6S 1/2 → 37P 3/2 of a single 87 Rb, Rydberg atom in an optical dipole trap, we have observed for the first time three-photon Rabi oscillations between the ground and the Rydberg states. A single atom was detected optically by resonance fluorescence signal using a low-noise sCMOS video camera. The relative probability for the atom to remain in the trap after the action of three synchronized exciting laser pulses with durations varying from 100 ns to 2 µs was measured. A distinctive feature of the experiment was the use of intense laser radiation with a wavelength of 1367 nm at the second excitation step, providing a single-photon Rabi frequency up to 2 GHz to control the effective detunings of intermediate levels of the three- photon transition due to the dynamic Stark effect. Rabi oscillations with frequencies from 1 to 5 MHz were registered depending on the intensity of laser pulses of the first and second excitation steps with coherence time 0.7–0.8 µs. Ways to increase the coherence time and contrast of three-photon Rabi oscillations for applications in quantum information with Rydberg atoms are discussed.

arXiv:2410.01703•Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики•Nov 1, 2024•2 citations

Excitation of high orbital angular momentum Rydberg states with Laguerre–Gauss beams

J D Rodrigues, Luís Gustavo Marcassa, J T Mendonça

Abstract We consider the excitation of Rydberg states through photons carrying an intrinsic orbital angular momentum degree of freedom. Laguerre–Gauss modes, with a helical wave-front structure, correspond to such a set of laser beams, which carry units of orbital angular momentum in their propagation direction, with ℓ 0 the winding number. We demonstrate that, in a proper geometry setting, this orbital angular momentum can be transferred to the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms, thus violating the standard dipole selection rules. Higher orbital angular momentum states become accessible through a single photon excitation process. We investigate how the spacial structure of the Laguerre–Gauss beam affects the radial coupling strength, assuming the simplest case of hydrogen-like wavefunctions. Finally we discuss a generalization of the angular momentum coupling, in order to include the effects of the fine and hyperfine splitting, in the context of the Wigner–Eckart theorem.

arXiv:1512.05933•Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Mar 17, 2016•33 citations

Doppler- and recoil-free laser excitation of Rydberg states via three-photon transitions

I. I. Ryabtsev, Ilya I. Beterov, Denis B. Tretyakov +2 more

Three-photon laser excitation of Rydberg states by three different laser beams can be arranged in a starlike geometry that simultaneously eliminates the recoil effect and Doppler broadening. Our analytical and numerical calculations for a particular laser excitation scheme $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nP$ in Rb atoms have shown that, compared to the one- and two-photon laser excitation, this approach provides much narrower linewidth and longer coherence time for both cold atom samples and hot vapors, if the intermediate one-photon resonances of the three-photon transition are detuned by more than respective single-photon Doppler widths. This method can be used to improve fidelity of Rydberg quantum gates and precision of spectroscopic measurements in Rydberg atoms.

arXiv:1110.0576•Physical Review A•Nov 11, 2011•79 citations
Abstract Optical vortices are currently one of the most intensively studied topics in light–matter interaction. In this work, a three-step axial Doppler- and recoil-free Gaussian–Gaussian-Laguerre–Gaussian (GGLG) excitation of a localized atom to the highly excited Rydberg state is presented. By assuming a large detuning for intermediate states, an effective quadrupole excitation related to the Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) excitation to the highly excited Rydberg state is obtained. This special excitation system radially confines the single highly excited Rydberg atom independently of the trapping system into a sharp potential landscape into the so-called ‘far-off-resonance optical dipole-quadrupole trap’ (FORDQT). The key parameters of the Rydberg excitation to the highly excited state, namely the effective Rabi frequency and the effective detuning including a position-dependent AC Stark shift, are calculated in terms of the basic parameters of the LG beam and of the polarization of the excitation lasers. It is shown that the obtained parameters can be tuned to have a precise excitation of a single atom to the desired Rydberg state as well. The features of transferring the optical orbital and spin angular momentum of the polarized LG beam to the atom via quadrupole Rydberg excitation offer a long-lived and controllable qudit quantum memory. In addition, in contrast to the Gaussian laser beam, the doughnut-shaped LG beam makes it possible to use a high intensity laser beam to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in quadrupole excitation with minimized perturbations coming from stray light broadening in the last Rydberg excitation process.
In this paper, coherent Rydberg excitation of a single four-level atom in tightly confining trap so-called ‘far-off-resonance optical dipole-quadrupole trap’ (FORDQT) by considering Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams spatial features is demonstrated. The self-trapping potential results from the position dependent differential AC Stark shift of the ground state and Rydberg state in the effective quadrupole Rydberg excitation. By introducing the effective stiffness of the FORDQT potential in terms of the key parameters of the first and Rydberg excitation laser beams, a technique to obtain sub-micron localization of Rydberg excitation is explored. The complete matched trapping potential of the ground state and Rydberg state near the center of the trap maintains the coherence of the Rydberg excitation. Transfer of optical orbital angular momentum from the LG-beam to the Rydberg-state via localized effective quadrupole excitation process paves the way for implementation of high fidelity qudit gates in high dimensional quantum information process.
Sufficient control over the excitation of the Rydberg atom as a quantum memory is crucial for the fast and deterministic preparation and manipulation of the quantum information. Considering the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam spatial features, localized excitation of a four-level atom to a highly excited Rydberg state is presented. The position-dependent AC-Stark shift of the first and Rydberg state in the effective quadrupole two-level description of a far-detuned three-photon Rydberg excitation results in a steep trapping potential for Rydberg state. The transfer of optical orbital angular momentum from LG beam to the Rydberg state via quadrupole transition in the last Rydberg excitation process offers a long-lived and controllable qudit quantum memory. The effective quadrupole Rabi frequency is presented as a function of ratio of the first to Rydberg excitation laser beam waist and the center of mass position inside the trap. It depicts high accuracy of detecting Rydberg atom at the center of the trap, which can pave the way for implementation of high-fidelity qudit gate.
This article investigates the quadrupole excitation of a trapped atom exposed to the tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams with parallel and antiparallel spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) under nonparaxial conditions. The Rabi frequency profile of allowed quadrupole transition channels, modified by SAM and OAM interaction, in the focal plane is provided. In the case of antiparallel SAM and OAM, the excitation probability undergoes substantial modification due to the considerable contribution of longitudinal intensity variations in tightly focused condition. The findings offer insights into controlling localized atom transition, including OAM transfer, with potential applications in qudit-based technologies.
In an experiment on three-photon laser excitation 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 6S 1/2 → 37P 3/2 of a single 87 Rb, Rydberg atom in an optical dipole trap, we have observed for the first time three-photon Rabi oscillations between the ground and the Rydberg states. A single atom was detected optically by resonance fluorescence signal using a low-noise sCMOS video camera. The relative probability for the atom to remain in the trap after the action of three synchronized exciting laser pulses with durations varying from 100 ns to 2 µs was measured. A distinctive feature of the experiment was the use of intense laser radiation with a wavelength of 1367 nm at the second excitation step, providing a single-photon Rabi frequency up to 2 GHz to control the effective detunings of intermediate levels of the three- photon transition due to the dynamic Stark effect. Rabi oscillations with frequencies from 1 to 5 MHz were registered depending on the intensity of laser pulses of the first and second excitation steps with coherence time 0.7–0.8 µs. Ways to increase the coherence time and contrast of three-photon Rabi oscillations for applications in quantum information with Rydberg atoms are discussed.
Abstract We consider the excitation of Rydberg states through photons carrying an intrinsic orbital angular momentum degree of freedom. Laguerre–Gauss modes, with a helical wave-front structure, correspond to such a set of laser beams, which carry units of orbital angular momentum in their propagation direction, with ℓ 0 the winding number. We demonstrate that, in a proper geometry setting, this orbital angular momentum can be transferred to the internal degrees of freedom of the atoms, thus violating the standard dipole selection rules. Higher orbital angular momentum states become accessible through a single photon excitation process. We investigate how the spacial structure of the Laguerre–Gauss beam affects the radial coupling strength, assuming the simplest case of hydrogen-like wavefunctions. Finally we discuss a generalization of the angular momentum coupling, in order to include the effects of the fine and hyperfine splitting, in the context of the Wigner–Eckart theorem.
Three-photon laser excitation of Rydberg states by three different laser beams can be arranged in a starlike geometry that simultaneously eliminates the recoil effect and Doppler broadening. Our analytical and numerical calculations for a particular laser excitation scheme $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}nP$ in Rb atoms have shown that, compared to the one- and two-photon laser excitation, this approach provides much narrower linewidth and longer coherence time for both cold atom samples and hot vapors, if the intermediate one-photon resonances of the three-photon transition are detuned by more than respective single-photon Doppler widths. This method can be used to improve fidelity of Rydberg quantum gates and precision of spectroscopic measurements in Rydberg atoms.