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IEICE Communications Express

Digital feedforward carrier phase estimation for PSK Y-00 quantum-noise randomized stream cipher

Ken Tanizawa, Fumio Futami, Osamu Hirota

Published Oct 18, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Encryption in fiber-optic transmission is one of remaining issues in modern communication systems. One of the solutions is to use Y-00 quantum-noise randomized stream cipher. In this paper, we propose feedforward carrier phase estimation (CPE) with Y-00 decryption process for digital-coherent detection of phase-shift keying (PSK) Y-00 signal. After decryption of Y-00 signal in a digital domain, carrier phase is estimated by calculating Mth power of signal complex amplitude. Numerical simulations for 10-Gbaud PSK Y-00 signal show that the feedforward CPE with decryption process, which is used by a legitimate receiver who shares keys, successfully tracks phase noise. Consequently, penalty-less demodulation of Y-00 signal is achieved.

DOI
10.1587/comex.2017xbl0140

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Encryption in fiber-optic transmission is one of remaining issues in modern communication systems. One of the solutions is to use Y-00 quantum-noise randomized stream cipher. In this paper, we propose feedforward carrier phase estimation (CPE) with Y-00 decryption process for digital-coherent detection of phase-shift keying (PSK) Y-00 signal. After decryption of Y-00 signal in a digital domain, carrier phase is estimated by calculating Mth power of signal complex amplitude. Numerical simulations for 10-Gbaud PSK Y-00 signal show that the feedforward CPE with decryption process, which is used by a legitimate receiver who shares keys, successfully tracks phase noise. Consequently, penalty-less demodulation of Y-00 signal is achieved.
We present a symmetric-key direct data encryption technique utilizing signal masking by quantum noise, called Y-00 quantum stream cipher. Physical encryption of phase-shift-keying (PSK) Y-00 quantum stream cipher is achieved by our proposed extremely high-order phase modulation. Two cascaded phase modulators are driven with two synchronized digital-to-analog converters for coarse-to-fine modulations, resulting in a record 217 phase levels for the quantum noise masking. Decryption of the cipher is implemented in digital signal processing after intra-dyne coherent detection with a free-running local oscillator. We experimentally demonstrate transmission of 10-Gbaud digital-coherent PSK Y-00 cipher with 217 levels over a 240-km field-installed single-mode fiber.
A 100-km fiber transmission with 10 Gbit/s is demonstrated based on Y-00 quantum noise randomized stream cipher (QNRC) utilizing cascaded phase shift keying (PSK). The proposed of the experimental scheme is to break the limitation of high-resolution and high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in the QNRC systems. In this paper, a 10 Gbit/s encrypted signal generated by employing seven cascaded phase modulators (PM) which are driven by designed electrical voltage signals at the transmitter side. The encrypted signal is successfully decrypted by the same six cascaded PMs and digital coherent detection. The experimental results show that the power penalties between back to back (B2B) and 50 km transmission and between B2B and 100 km transmission are 1.2 dB and 2 dB, respectively. The proposed PSK-QNRC system can realize error-free transmission. Meanwhile, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is well below the forward error correction (FEC) threshold. However, the DAC sampling rate of the traditional scheme is not enough to recover the complete waveform. This proposed scheme greatly improves the security of the system.
Quantum-noise randomized cipher (QNRC) is an anti-interception communication technology, which can realize high-speed encryption for data stream in true randomness. In this paper, the characteristics of the phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) QNRC systems are verified by the simulation system with digital coherent demodulation. The decryption process of the QNRC coherent system is carried out in the optical domain for the first time. Specifically, at the quadrature coupler, the modulated local light is coupled with the received encrypted optical signal. The multi-symbol phase estimation(MSPE) module is employed to eliminate the influence of the phase deviation on the signal decision. Finally, error-free secure transmission is realized at 2.5Gsymbol/s over 500km optically amplified links. We reveal the new fact that the mesoscopic power of QPSK-QNRC system is higher than that of PSK-QNRC system.
In this paper, a decryption method for PSK quantum noise randomized cipher (QNRC) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By phase modulating the running key on an optical carrier provided by a local oscillator, the ciphertext was decrypted by a homodyne receiver. The experimental QNRC transmission system used in the demonstration has a length of 50 km, the ciphertext number was 1024 with a bit rate of 5Gbps. The experimental results shows that the proposed decryption method can decipher the QNRC signal successfully with promising performance.