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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Quantum emitter states dressed by the plasmon modes of a metal nanoparticle in the strong coupling regim

H. Varguet, Benjamin Rousseaux, David Dzsotjan, Hans Rudolf Jauslin, Gérard Colas des Francs, S. Guérin

Published Jun 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum control of emitters is a key issue for quantum information processing at the nanoscale. This generally necessitates the strong coupling of emitters to a high Q-cavity for efficient manipulation of the atoms and field dynamics (cavity quantum electrodynamics or cQED). Since almost a decade, strong efforts are put to transpose cQED concepts to plasmonics in order to profit of the strong mode confinement of surface plasmons polaritons. Despite the intrinsic presence of lossy channels leading to strong decoherence in plasmonics systems, it has been experimentally proven that it is possible to reach the strong coupling regim [1].

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087620

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The quantum control of emitters is a key issue for quantum information processing at the nanoscale. This generally necessitates the strong coupling of emitters to a high Q-cavity for efficient manipulation of the atoms and field dynamics (cavity quantum electrodynamics or cQED). Since almost a decade, strong efforts are put to transpose cQED concepts to plasmonics in order to profit of the strong mode confinement of surface plasmons polaritons. Despite the intrinsic presence of lossy channels leading to strong decoherence in plasmonics systems, it has been experimentally proven that it is possible to reach the strong coupling regim [1].
Controlling quantum emitters (atoms, molecules, quantum dots, etc.), light, and its interactionsis a key issue for implementing all-optical devices and information processing at thequantum level. This generally necessitates a strong coupling of emitters to photonic modes,as achieved by a high-Q cavity, for efficient manipulation of the atoms and field dynamicsthrough cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED).The integration of the principles of quantum optics at the nanoscale in a plasmonic platformhas been envisioned, on the basis of a possible strong coupling between a quantum emitter andthe surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) via their strong mode confinement. Recent progressshowed the possibility to reach such a strong coupling regime, allowing the development ofquantum plasmonics where a SPP mode takes the role of the cavity mode. However, its applicationappears notoriously limited in practical situations due to the intrinsic presence ofnumerous and lossy modes, which complicates the description and the interpretation of theinteraction, and introduces strong decoherence in the system, in particular for strong coupling.In this work, a detailed overview of quantum control applied to ion trapping, cQED, and plasmonics,is presented. The first part of the thesis is a study of adiabatic processes in trappedion systems and cQED:- We summarize quantum computation processes using quantum gates, and control usingadiabatic laser pulses with atomic systems.- We design arbitrary quantum gates with ions manipulated with laser pulses.- Models for cQED are derived and applied for the production of photon states leakingfrom a cavity.In the second part, we develop a formalism to describe the quantum dynamics of emitters closeto nanoscale structures, and numerics showing the strong coupling regime and the couplingof emitters via plasmon modes. More specifically:- We provide a general field quantization procedure for spherically layered systems.- Effective models using the field quantization are derived, and we show they are analogousto cQED models.- We describe the interaction of localized plasmons (LSPs) with quantum emitters.- The coupling/entanglement of emitters by adiabatic passage through lossy plasmonicmodes of a nanosphere is shown.
We show that the interaction of surface plasmons with quantum emitters can be described by an effective model that has the same structure as a lossy multimode cavity quantum electromagnetic interaction. This allows the coherent manipulation of quantum emitters dressed by surface plasmons at the nanoscale. We show that strong coupling in quantum plasmonics can be used to mediate efficiently the interaction between emitters via a decoherence-free channel, immune to the strong plasmon dissipation. Efficient and robust population transfer, as well as the deterministic generation of entanglement between emitters are numerically shown. These results pave the way for an efficient use of the quantum plasmonic platform beyond its inherent losses.
Enabling the confinement of light to a scale far below the one of conventional optics, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) induced by an electromagnetic field in a metal-dielectric interface supply an ideal system to explore strong quantized light-matter coupling. The fast matter-SPP population exchange reported in previous works makes it a candidate for spin manipulation, but such reversible dynamics asymptotically vanishes accompanying the quantum matter relaxing completely to its ground state. Here, we study the exact dissipative dynamics of a quantum emitter (QE) coupled to SPPs. It is interesting to find that, qualitatively different from conventional findings, the QE can be partially stabilized in its excited state even in the presence of the lossy metal. Our analysis reveals that it is the formation of a QE-SPP bound state which results in such suppressed dissipation. Enriching the decoherence dynamics of the QE in the lossy medium, our result is helpful to understand QE-SPP interactions and apply plasmonic nanostructures in quantum devices.