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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Adiabatic passage mediated by plasmons: A route towards a decoherence-free quantum plasmonic platform

Benjamin Rousseaux, David Dzsotjan, Gérard Colas des Francs, Hans Rudolf Jauslin, Christophe Couteau, S. Guérin

Published Jan 22, 2016• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that the interaction of surface plasmons with quantum emitters can be described by an effective model that has the same structure as a lossy multimode cavity quantum electromagnetic interaction. This allows the coherent manipulation of quantum emitters dressed by surface plasmons at the nanoscale. We show that strong coupling in quantum plasmonics can be used to mediate efficiently the interaction between emitters via a decoherence-free channel, immune to the strong plasmon dissipation. Efficient and robust population transfer, as well as the deterministic generation of entanglement between emitters are numerically shown. These results pave the way for an efficient use of the quantum plasmonic platform beyond its inherent losses.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.93.045422

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We show that the interaction of surface plasmons with quantum emitters can be described by an effective model that has the same structure as a lossy multimode cavity quantum electromagnetic interaction. This allows the coherent manipulation of quantum emitters dressed by surface plasmons at the nanoscale. We show that strong coupling in quantum plasmonics can be used to mediate efficiently the interaction between emitters via a decoherence-free channel, immune to the strong plasmon dissipation. Efficient and robust population transfer, as well as the deterministic generation of entanglement between emitters are numerically shown. These results pave the way for an efficient use of the quantum plasmonic platform beyond its inherent losses.
Controlling quantum emitters (atoms, molecules, quantum dots, etc.), light, and its interactionsis a key issue for implementing all-optical devices and information processing at thequantum level. This generally necessitates a strong coupling of emitters to photonic modes,as achieved by a high-Q cavity, for efficient manipulation of the atoms and field dynamicsthrough cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED).The integration of the principles of quantum optics at the nanoscale in a plasmonic platformhas been envisioned, on the basis of a possible strong coupling between a quantum emitter andthe surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) via their strong mode confinement. Recent progressshowed the possibility to reach such a strong coupling regime, allowing the development ofquantum plasmonics where a SPP mode takes the role of the cavity mode. However, its applicationappears notoriously limited in practical situations due to the intrinsic presence ofnumerous and lossy modes, which complicates the description and the interpretation of theinteraction, and introduces strong decoherence in the system, in particular for strong coupling.In this work, a detailed overview of quantum control applied to ion trapping, cQED, and plasmonics,is presented. The first part of the thesis is a study of adiabatic processes in trappedion systems and cQED:- We summarize quantum computation processes using quantum gates, and control usingadiabatic laser pulses with atomic systems.- We design arbitrary quantum gates with ions manipulated with laser pulses.- Models for cQED are derived and applied for the production of photon states leakingfrom a cavity.In the second part, we develop a formalism to describe the quantum dynamics of emitters closeto nanoscale structures, and numerics showing the strong coupling regime and the couplingof emitters via plasmon modes. More specifically:- We provide a general field quantization procedure for spherically layered systems.- Effective models using the field quantization are derived, and we show they are analogousto cQED models.- We describe the interaction of localized plasmons (LSPs) with quantum emitters.- The coupling/entanglement of emitters by adiabatic passage through lossy plasmonicmodes of a nanosphere is shown.
The quantum control of emitters is a key issue for quantum information processing at the nanoscale. This generally necessitates the strong coupling of emitters to a high Q-cavity for efficient manipulation of the atoms and field dynamics (cavity quantum electrodynamics or cQED). Since almost a decade, strong efforts are put to transpose cQED concepts to plasmonics in order to profit of the strong mode confinement of surface plasmons polaritons. Despite the intrinsic presence of lossy channels leading to strong decoherence in plasmonics systems, it has been experimentally proven that it is possible to reach the strong coupling regim [1].
Enabling the confinement of light to a scale far below the one of conventional optics, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) induced by an electromagnetic field in a metal-dielectric interface supply an ideal system to explore strong quantized light-matter coupling. The fast matter-SPP population exchange reported in previous works makes it a candidate for spin manipulation, but such reversible dynamics asymptotically vanishes accompanying the quantum matter relaxing completely to its ground state. Here, we study the exact dissipative dynamics of a quantum emitter (QE) coupled to SPPs. It is interesting to find that, qualitatively different from conventional findings, the QE can be partially stabilized in its excited state even in the presence of the lossy metal. Our analysis reveals that it is the formation of a QE-SPP bound state which results in such suppressed dissipation. Enriching the decoherence dynamics of the QE in the lossy medium, our result is helpful to understand QE-SPP interactions and apply plasmonic nanostructures in quantum devices.
Light-matter superposition states obtained via strong coupling play a decisive role in quantum information processing, but the deleterious effects of material dissipation and environment-induced decoherence inevitably destroy coherent light-matter polaritons over time. Here, we propose the use of coherent perfect absorption under near-field driving to prepare and protect the polaritonic states of a single quantum emitter interacting with a plasmonic nanocavity at room temperature. Our scheme of quantum nanoplasmonic coherent perfect absorption leverages an inherent frequency specificity to selectively initialize the coupled system in a chosen plasmon-emitter dressed state, while the coherent, unidirectional and non-perturbing near-field energy transfer from a proximal plasmonic waveguide can in principle render the dressed state robust against dynamic dissipation under ambient conditions. Our study establishes a previously unexplored paradigm for quantum state preparation and coherence preservation in plasmonic cavity quantum electrodynamics, offering compelling prospects for elevating quantum nanophotonic technologies to ambient temperatures.
We investigate a system consisting of a single, as well as two emitters strongly coupled to surface plasmon modes of a nanowire using a Green's function approach. Explicit expressions are derived for the spontaneous decay rate into the plasmon modes and for the atom-plasmon coupling as well as a plasmon-mediated atom-atom coupling. Phenomena due to the presence of losses in the metal are discussed. In case of two atoms, we observe Dicke subradiance and superradiance resulting from their plasmon-mediated interaction. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a scheme for a deterministic two-qubit quantum gate. We also discuss a possible realization of interesting many-body Hamiltonians, such as the spin-boson model, using strong emitter-plasmon coupling.
Here we present the theoretical foundation of the strong coupling phenomenon between quantum emitters and propagating surface plasmons observed in two-dimensional metal surfaces. For that purpose, we develop a quantum framework that accounts for the coherent coupling between emitters and surface plasmons and incorporates the presence of dissipation and dephasing. Our formalism is able to reveal the key physical mechanisms that explain the reported phenomenology and also determine the physical parameters that optimize the strong coupling. A discussion regarding the classical or quantum nature of this phenomenon is also presented.