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Optics Letters

Optical memory based on quantized atomic center-of-mass motion

J. P. Lopez, A. J. F. de Almeida, D. Felinto, J. W. R. Tabosa

Published Oct 25, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a new type of optical memory using a pure two-level system of cesium atoms cooled by the magnetically assisted Sisyphus effect. The optical information of a probe field is stored in the coherence between quantized vibrational levels of the atoms in the potential wells of a 1-D optical lattice. The retrieved pulse shows Rabi oscillations with a frequency determined by the reading beam intensity and are qualitatively understood in terms of a simple theoretical model. The exploration of the external degrees of freedom of an atom may add another capability in the design of quantum-information protocols using light.

DOI
10.1364/ol.42.004474

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We report a new type of optical memory using a pure two-level system of cesium atoms cooled by the magnetically assisted Sisyphus effect. The optical information of a probe field is stored in the coherence between quantized vibrational levels of the atoms in the potential wells of a 1-D optical lattice. The retrieved pulse shows Rabi oscillations with a frequency determined by the reading beam intensity and are qualitatively understood in terms of a simple theoretical model. The exploration of the external degrees of freedom of an atom may add another capability in the design of quantum-information protocols using light.
We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of recoil-induced resonance in a pure two-level system of cold cesium atoms. We use a strong coupling beam and a weak probe beam to couple different external momentum states of the cesium atom via two-photon Raman interaction which leads to the storage of the optical information of the probe beam. We have also measured the probe transmission spectrum, as well as the light storage spectrum which reveals very narrow subnatural resonance features showing absorption and gain. We have demonstrated that this memory presents the unique property of being insensitive to the reading process, which does not destroy the stored information leading to a memory lifetime limited only by the atomic thermal motion.
In this work, we perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of an atomic memory based on recoil-induced resonance in cold cesium atoms. We consider the interaction of nearly degenerate pump and probe beams with an ensemble of two-level atoms. A full theoretical density matrix calculation in the extended Hilbert space of the internal and external atomic degrees of freedom allows us to obtain, from first principles, the transient and stationary responses determining the probe transmission and the forward four-wave-mixing spectra. These two signals are generated together at the same order of perturbation with respect to the intensities of pump and probe beams. Moreover, we have investigated the storage of optical information on the spatial modes of light beams in the atomic external degrees of freedom, which provided a simple interpretation for the previously reported nonvolatile character of this memory. The retrieved signals after storage reveal the equivalent role of probe transmission and four-wave mixing, as the two signals have similar amplitudes. Probe transmission and forward four-wave-mixing spectra were then experimentally measured for both continuous excitation and after storage. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the developed theory, and they open another pathway for the reversible exchange of optical information with atomic systems.
Quantization of atomic motion is observed in two- and three-dimensional cesium optical molasses by stimulated Raman spectroscopy. A new geometry is used with the minimum number of laser beams, so that the topography of the optical potential is not sensitive to phase drifts of the molasses beams. The deepest potential wells are located on a hexagonal lattice in two dimensions and on a body-centered-cubic lattice in three dimensions. They correspond to purely circularly polarized light, allowing a Lamb-Dicke narrowing of the transitions between vibrational levels to occur.
We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of coherent population oscillation (CPO) in an atomic cesium vapor at room temperature. In the experiment the optical information of a probe field is stored in the CPO of two ground states of a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system formed by the Zeeman sublevels of the hyperfine transition $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ of the cesium D2{D}_{2}D2​ line. We show directly that this CPO-based memory is very insensitive to stray magnetic field inhomogeneities and presents a lifetime which is limited mainly by atomic motion. A theoretical simulation of the measured spectra was also developed and is in very good agreement with the experiment.
In this paper, an optical memory based on an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms interacting with light in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) regime is studied in view of spatially multimode quantum storage. The interfacing protocol involves a control field, generating EIT for the very weak field that carries the quantum signal to be stored and enabling its mapping into the collective hyperfine coherence of the cold atomic ensemble. For the demonstration of multimode storage, the signal pulse at the single photon level is prepared in a mode with (OAM), while the control field is in a TEM00 mode. After the writing process, the information is kept in the memory register. In the retrieval phase, the information is read back from atoms to light and we show that these pulses at the single photon level with OAM can be stored and retrieved with a preserved spatial phase and a good efficiency.
In this work, we present some fundamental tools in the modelling of quantum networks. We intend to develop theoretical tools such as the usage of the mixed variables density matrix formalism to model from first principles atomic experiments where external degrees of free- dom play an important role, and entanglement quantification in atom-photon systems where entanglement is present in the continuous variables of the system. Namely, we first perform a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of an atomic memory based on recoil- induced resonance in cold cesium atoms. We consider the interaction of a nearly degenerated pump and probe beams with an ensemble of two-level atoms. A full theoretical density ma- trix calculation in the extended Hilbert space of the internal and external atomic degrees of freedom allows us to obtain, from first principles, the transient and stationary responses de- termining the probe transmission and the forward four-wave mixing spectra. These two signals are generated together at the same order of perturbation with respect to the intensities of pump and probe beams. Moreover, we have investigated the storage of optical information on the spatial modes of light beams in the atomic external degrees of freedom, which provided a simple interpretation for the previously-reported non-volatile character of this memory. The retrieved signals after storage reveal the equivalent role of probe transmission and four-wave mixing, as the two signals have similar amplitudes. Probe transmission and forward four-wave- mixing spectra were then experimentally measured for both continuous excitation and after storage. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the developed theory and open a new pathway for the reversible exchange of optical information with atomic systems. Next, we review the Weisskopf-Wigner formalism for spontaneous emission considering the spatial modes of light as well as external atomic degrees of freedom which we introduce in the theory by modelling the atom as a wavepacket in momentum space with a given initial uncertainty, and perform a purity calculation in order to quantify the entanglement encoded in the momentum variables of the atom-photon system. Our purity calculations reveal two high entanglement regimes depending on the initial atomic momentum uncertainty: the Recoil entanglement regime (which arises in the small momentum uncertainty region), where recoil effects dominate the mechanisms that originate entanglement and the Doppler entanglement regime (in the large momentum uncertainty region) where homogeneous Doppler shifts in the emitted photon’s frequency play the fundamental part in the build up of quantum correlations in the system. Simplified expressions for the system’s wavefunction are found for each of the entanglement regimes and physical considerations are made to explain their nature. Finally, we briefly investigate the role of entanglement in the distinguishability of two physically different quantum states that arise naturally from the theory, where we note that entanglement in the system leads to a better resolution of the two quantum states.