International Conference on Internet of Everything, Microwave Engineering, Communication and Networks (IEMECON)
Quantum computation of perfect time-eavesdropping in position-based quantum cryptography: Quantum computing and eavesdropping over perfect key distribution
In this paper, we proposed the Implementation of Perfect Time Eavesdropping in Position Based Quantum Cryptography. The Security of Quantum Key Distribution lies in the Laws of Quantum Mechanics and is recognized to be one of the most secure cryptography ever known. The major advantage of Position-Based Key Distribution is that an authenticated server or device will be able to use its InterSpace Positions while authenticating in an environment while exchanging a secure key for communication over the network. In Position Cryptography the Authentication is done by verifying that a particular Device holds a definite and fixed position in Space-Time. In this paper, we proposed the experimental Time-Based Attack which evolved as modern day Decoy-Fake Shift Attack. The key idea is: an Attacker Eve can change the Shift of the Key randomly to T1 or T2 with the probability of shift, F and G = 1-F respectively. Also, the attacker can Authenticate and Randomize the Probability F in such a way so that it ensures the Receiver's Detection Ratio is constant i.e. 1:1. So, as a result, the two parties communicating via a secure Quantum channel will not be able to detect the Eavesdropping caused by the attacker and therefore the attacker can have an Authentication over the shared key and can, therefore, the parties will not be able to conceal its information. Thus the secure Position Quantum Cryptography can be broken by this proposed Architecture model. In this paper, we represented the Architecture Model experimentally and the Security Analysis for such an attack has been proposed.
In this paper, we proposed the Implementation of Perfect Time Eavesdropping in Position Based Quantum Cryptography. The Security of Quantum Key Distribution lies in the Laws of Quantum Mechanics and is recognized to be one of the most secure cryptography ever known. The major advantage of Position-Based Key Distribution is that an authenticated server or device will be able to use its InterSpace Positions while authenticating in an environment while exchanging a secure key for communication over the network. In Position Cryptography the Authentication is done by verifying that a particular Device holds a definite and fixed position in Space-Time. In this paper, we proposed the experimental Time-Based Attack which evolved as modern day Decoy-Fake Shift Attack. The key idea is: an Attacker Eve can change the Shift of the Key randomly to T1 or T2 with the probability of shift, F and G = 1-F respectively. Also, the attacker can Authenticate and Randomize the Probability F in such a way so that it ensures the Receiver's Detection Ratio is constant i.e. 1:1. So, as a result, the two parties communicating via a secure Quantum channel will not be able to detect the Eavesdropping caused by the attacker and therefore the attacker can have an Authentication over the shared key and can, therefore, the parties will not be able to conceal its information. Thus the secure Position Quantum Cryptography can be broken by this proposed Architecture model. In this paper, we represented the Architecture Model experimentally and the Security Analysis for such an attack has been proposed.
Quantum cryptography is based on quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication.It allows two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them.These random bits can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages.The most important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key.It is based on fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics.By using quantum entanglement or quantum super positions and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping.Quantum cryptography is used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data.This key along with certain encryption algorithm, is used to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel.This paper concentrates on comparison between classical and quantum cryptography as well as survey on various quantum key distribution protocols used to generate and distribute the key among communicating parties.
Quantum cryptography is a well-stated field within quantum applications where quantum information is used to set secure communications, authentication, and secret keys. Now used in quantum devices with those purposes, particularly Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which proposes a secret key between two parties free of effective eavesdropping, at least at a higher level than classical cryptography. The best-known quantum protocol to securely share a secret key is the BB84 one. Other protocols have been proposed as adaptations of it. Most of them are based on the quantum indeterminacy for non-orthogonal quantum states. Their security is commonly based on the large length of the key. In the current work, a BB84-like procedure for QKD based on double quantum teleportation allows the sharing of the key statement using several parties. Thus, the quantum bits of information are assembled among three parties via entanglement, instead of travelling through a unique quantum channel as in the traditional protocol. Asymmetry in the double teleportation plus post-measurement retains the secrecy in the process. Despite requiring more complex control and resources, the procedure dramatically reduces the probability of success for an eavesdropper under individual attacks, because of the ignorance of the processing times in the procedure. Quantum Bit Error Rate remains in the acceptable threshold and it becomes configurable. The article depicts the double quantum teleportation procedure, the associated control to introduce the QKD scheme, the analysis of individual attacks performed by an eavesdropper, and a brief comparison with other protocols.
The peculiar properties of quantum mechanics enable possibilities not allowed by classical physics. In particular, two parties can generate a random, secret key at a distance, even though an eavesdropper can do anything permitted by the laws of physics. Measuring the quantum properties of the signals generating the key, would ultimately change them, and thus reveal the eavesdropper’s presence. This exchange of a random, secret key is known as quantum cryptography.\n\nQuantum cryptography can be, and has been proven unconditionally secure using perfect devices. However, when quantum cryptography is implemented, one must use components available with current technology. These are usually imperfect. Although the security of quantum cryptography has been proven for components with certain imperfections, the question remains: can quantum cryptography be implemented in a provable, unconditionally secure way, using components available with current technology? This thesis contains both a theoretical, and an experimental contribution to the answer of this question. On the experimental side, components used in, and complete quantum cryptography systems have been carefully examined for security loopholes. In particular, it turned out that two commercial quantum cryptography systems contained loopholes, which would allow an eavesdropper to capture the full secret key, without exposing her presence. Furthermore, this detector control attack could be implemented with current technology. The attack is applicable against a variety of quantum cryptography implementations and protocols.\n\nThe theoretical contribution consists of security proofs for quantum cryptography in a very general setting. Precisely, the security is proven with arbitrary individual imperfections in the source and detectors. These proofs should make it possible to use a wide array of imperfect devices in implementations of quantum cryptography.\n\nFinally, a secure detection scheme is proposed, immune to the detector control attack and compatible with those security proofs. Therefore, if this scheme is implemented correctly, it offers provable security.
Quantum cryptography is the study of delivering secret communications across a quantum channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been recognized as the most important breakthrough in quantum cryptography. This process facilitates two distant parties to share secure communications based on physical laws. The BB84 protocol was developed in 1984 and remains the most widely used among BB92, Ekert91, COW, and SARG04 protocols. However the practical security of QKD with imperfect devices have been widely discussed, and there are many ways to guarantee that generated key by QKD still provides unconditional security. This paper proposed a novel method that allows users to communicate while generating the secure keys as well as securing the transmission without any leakage of the data. In this approach sender will never reveal her basis, hence neither the receiver nor the intruder will get knowledge of the fundamental basis.Further to detect Eve, polynomial interpolation is also used as a key verification technique. In order to fully utilize the quantum computing capabilities provided by IBM quantum computers, the protocol is executed using the Qiskit backend for 45 qubits. This article discusses a plot of % error against alpha (strength of eavesdropping). As a result, different types of noise have been included, and the success probability of the desired key bits has been determined. Furthermore, the success probability under depolarizing noise is explained for different qubit counts.Last but not least, even when the applied noise is increased to maximum capacity, a 50% probability of successful key generation is still observed in an experiment.
Quantum cryptography promises secure communication protocols that surpass the limitations of classical cryptography. By leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, particularly the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and the uncertainty principle, quantum cryptography protocols offer provable security guarantees against eavesdropping attacks. In this paper, we provide an overview of quantum cryptography, discussing its theoretical foundations, key protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD), and experimental implementations. We highlight the advantages of quantum cryptography over classical cryptographic techniques and explore its potential applications in secure communication networks, financial transactions, and data privacy. Furthermore, we discuss ongoing research efforts and challenges in the practical deployment of quantum cryptography systems, including the development of robust quantum hardware and the integration of quantum cryptographic protocols into existing communication infrastructures. Overall, quantum cryptography holds great promise for enabling secure communication channels that are resilient to quantum attacks, paving the way for a new era of ultra-secure information exchange.
Quantum Cryptography is based on the use of subatomic particles (photons) and their intrinsic quantum properties (photon polarization) to develop an unbreakable system. It is not possible to measure the quantum state of any system without affecting the system. This property provides secure transmission of key between sender and receiver. Quantum Cryptography is a way to combine the relative ease and convenience of key exchange in public key cryptography with the ultimate security of a one-time pad. Quantum techniques for key distribution, the classically impossible task of distributing secret information over an insecure channel whose transmissions are subject to inspection by an eavesdropper, between parties who share no secret key initially. Quantum Cryptography uses the principles of Quantum Mechanics to implement a cryptographic system. The key problem which is solved by using quantum techniques is that of eavesdropping detection. The bits are represented as qubits, physically modeled by photons, and communicated over a quantum channel. The polarization states of photons represent 0's and 1's. Keyword: Asymmetric key, Cryptography, Protocols, Quantum, symmetric key