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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Tomography of mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor

Young-Sik Ra, Clément Jacquard, Adrien Dufour, Claude Fabre, Nicolas Treps

Published Jan 1, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We implement a single-photon subtractor that can be tuned to subtract a single photon exclusively from one mode or coherently from multiple modes. We experimentally characterize the device by employing coherent-state quantum process tomography.
DOI
10.1364/qim.2017.qw5c.3

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Summary form only given. Single-photon subtracting operation plays important roles in photonic quantum information processing. For example, it enables distillation of entanglement, noiseless amplification of a quantum state, and enhancement of measurement precision. In particular, the non-Gaussian characteristic of the operation is essential for genuine speed-up and universality of continuous-variable quantum computing. Until now, implementation of single-photon subtraction has been limited on a single-mode or a two-mode quantum state, but recently, extension to multiple modes attracts attention [1, 2] in accordance with the availability of multimode quantum states [3].In this work, we implement a mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor which can be tuned to subtract a single photon exclusively from one time-frequency mode or coherently from multiple time-frequency modes. To characterize the single-photon subtractor, we introduce a matrix representation (called a subtraction matrix) of a general single-photon subtractor and measure the matrix by employing coherent-state quantum process tomography [5]. We found that characterizing a single-photon subtractor can be significantly simplified compared with the original coherent-state quantum process tomography because the success probability of a single-photon subtractor alone provides complete information of the device.
Single-photon subtraction plays important roles in optical quantum information processing as it provides a non-Gaussian characteristic in continuous-variable quantum information.While the conventional way of implementing single-photon subtraction based on a low-reflectance beam splitter works properly for a single-mode quantum state, it is unsuitable for a multimode quantum state because a single photon is subtracted from all multiple modes without maintaining their mode coherence.Here, we experimentally implement and characterize a mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor based on sum-frequency generation.It can subtract a single photon exclusively from one desired time-frequency mode of light or from a coherent superposition of multiple time-frequency modes.To experimentally characterize the time-frequency modes of the single-photon subtractor, we employ quantum process tomography based on coherent states.The mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor will be an essential element for realizing non-Gaussian quantum networks necessary to get a quantum advantage in information processing.
We develop a general theory to describe the manipulation of a multimode quantum state of light via the subtraction of a single photon. The theory is applicable for various types of subtraction schemes independent of the physical nature of the light modes, their number or the embedded quantum states. We show that different subtraction schemes can be described in a unified approach through the characterization of their intrinsic subtraction modes. The conditional state of the multimode quantum light after the photon subtraction is defined by the number of subtraction modes and their matching with the light modes. We propose the manipulation of light states by controlling the subtraction modes. Performing a photon subtraction on a multimode quantum resource is promising for the implementation of a number of quantum information protocols in all-optical, multiplexed and scalable way.