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arXiv:1702.02082 · Physical Review X

Tomography of a Mode-Tunable Coherent Single-Photon Subtractor

Young-Sik Ra, Clément Jacquard, Adrien Dufour, Claude Fabre, Nicolas Treps

Published Jul 19, 2017• 55 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Single-photon subtraction plays important roles in optical quantum information processing as it provides a non-Gaussian characteristic in continuous-variable quantum information.While the conventional way of implementing single-photon subtraction based on a low-reflectance beam splitter works properly for a single-mode quantum state, it is unsuitable for a multimode quantum state because a single photon is subtracted from all multiple modes without maintaining their mode coherence.Here, we experimentally implement and characterize a mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor based on sum-frequency generation.It can subtract a single photon exclusively from one desired time-frequency mode of light or from a coherent superposition of multiple time-frequency modes.To experimentally characterize the time-frequency modes of the single-photon subtractor, we employ quantum process tomography based on coherent states.The mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor will be an essential element for realizing non-Gaussian quantum networks necessary to get a quantum advantage in information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevx.7.031012

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Single-photon subtraction plays important roles in optical quantum information processing as it provides a non-Gaussian characteristic in continuous-variable quantum information.While the conventional way of implementing single-photon subtraction based on a low-reflectance beam splitter works properly for a single-mode quantum state, it is unsuitable for a multimode quantum state because a single photon is subtracted from all multiple modes without maintaining their mode coherence.Here, we experimentally implement and characterize a mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor based on sum-frequency generation.It can subtract a single photon exclusively from one desired time-frequency mode of light or from a coherent superposition of multiple time-frequency modes.To experimentally characterize the time-frequency modes of the single-photon subtractor, we employ quantum process tomography based on coherent states.The mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor will be an essential element for realizing non-Gaussian quantum networks necessary to get a quantum advantage in information processing.
Summary form only given. Single-photon subtracting operation plays important roles in photonic quantum information processing. For example, it enables distillation of entanglement, noiseless amplification of a quantum state, and enhancement of measurement precision. In particular, the non-Gaussian characteristic of the operation is essential for genuine speed-up and universality of continuous-variable quantum computing. Until now, implementation of single-photon subtraction has been limited on a single-mode or a two-mode quantum state, but recently, extension to multiple modes attracts attention [1, 2] in accordance with the availability of multimode quantum states [3].In this work, we implement a mode-tunable coherent single-photon subtractor which can be tuned to subtract a single photon exclusively from one time-frequency mode or coherently from multiple time-frequency modes. To characterize the single-photon subtractor, we introduce a matrix representation (called a subtraction matrix) of a general single-photon subtractor and measure the matrix by employing coherent-state quantum process tomography [5]. We found that characterizing a single-photon subtractor can be significantly simplified compared with the original coherent-state quantum process tomography because the success probability of a single-photon subtractor alone provides complete information of the device.
The nature of a quantum network, in particular in the continuous variable regime, is governed not only by the light quantum state but also by the measurement process. It can then be chosen after the light source has been generated. Multimode entanglement is not anymore an intrinsic property of the source but a complex interplay between source, measurement and eventually post processing. This new avenue paves the way for adaptive and scalable quantum information processing. However, to reach this ambitious goal, multimode degaussification has to be implemented. Single-photon subtraction and addition have proved to be such key operations, but are usually performed with linear optics elements on single-mode resources. We present a device able to perform mode dependant non Gaussian operation on a spectrally multimode squeezed vacuum states. Sum frequency generation between the state and a bright control beam whose spectrum has been engineered through ultrafast pulse-shaping is performed. The detection of a single converted photon heralds the success of the operation. The resulting multimode quantum state is analysed with standard homodyne detection whose local oscillator spectrum is independently engineered. The device can be characterized through quantum process tomography using weak multimode coherent states as inputs. Its single-mode character can be quantified and its inherent subtraction modes can be measured. The ability to simultaneously control the state engineering and its detection ensures both flexibility and scalability in the production of highly entangled non-Gaussian quantum states.