Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physics-Uspekhi

Nonlocal classical ‘realism’ and quantum superposition as the nonexistence of definite pre-measurement values of physical quantities

Aleksandr V. Belinsky, A.A. Klevtsov

Published Oct 2, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This paper reviews the schemes of experiments in which it was possible to prove, based on measured photon cross-correlation suppression effects in a beam splitter and preparing squeezed states, the nonexistence of a definite value of the photon phase difference in Fock states (otherwise, these two effects cannot exist simultaneously). It is shown that this conclusion emphasizes the internal inconsistency of interpreting the quantum mechanics in the spirit of classical nonlocal ‘realism’ — in the sense that measured physical quantities have no definite values a priori , i.e., before the instant of measurement.

DOI
10.3367/ufne.2017.09.038210

Related papers

On the phase uncertainty of Fock states and “nonlocal realism”

Aleksandr V. Belinsky

Based on the study of the effects of the suppression of cross-correlation of photons on a beam splitter and preparation of squeezed states, an experimental proof is proposed for the lack of determinate values of the phase and phase difference of photons in Fock states. It is shown that this conclusion unveils the intrinsic inconsistency of interpreting quantum mechanics on the basis of the nonlocal theory of hidden variables and proves the inadequacy of the latter.

Moscow University Physics Bulletin•Sep 1, 2016•5 citations

Quantum uncertainty and a counterexample of nonlocal classical “realism”

Aleksandr V. Belinsky

We analyze the scheme of an experiment in which, by examining suppression effects of the cross correlation of photons in a beamsplitter and by preparing squeezed states, it is proven that the phase difference of photons in Fock states cannot acquire a certain value, since, otherwise, the simultaneous existence of these two effects would be impossible. We show that this reveals an intrinsic inconsistency of the nonlocal classical interpretation of quantum mechanics on the basis of nonlocal classical “realism.”

Optics and Spectroscopy•Sep 1, 2017•0 citations

Quantum Mechanics without Nonlocality

Nikolay Leonidovich Chuprikov

We argue that quantum nonlocality of entangled states is not an actual phenomenon. It appears in quantum mechanics as a consequence of the inconsistency of its superposition principle with the corpuscular properties of a quantum particle. In the existing form, this principle does not distinguish between macroscopically distinct states of a particle and their superpositions: it implies introducing observables for a particle, even if it is in an entangled state. However, a particle cannot take part simultaneously in two or more alternative macroscopically distinct sub-processes. Thus, calculating the expectation values of the one-particle's observables, for entangled states, is physically meaningless: Born's formula is not applicable to such states. The same concerns the entangled states of compound quantum systems. In the {\it existing} quantum mechanics, introducing Bell's inequalities is fully legal. However, these inequalities imply averaging over an entangled state, and, hence, they have no basis for their clear physical interpretation. Experiments to confirm the violation of Bell's inequalities do not prove the existence of nonlocality in microcosm. They confirm only that correlations introduced in the existing theory of entangled states have no physical sense, for they contradict special relativity.

arXiv:quant-ph/0602173•Feb 21, 2006•1 citation

Reality and Non-Reality of Physical Variables(Issues in the Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics (2))

Hisato Shirai

Quantum mechanics is widely believed to be inconsistent with local realism because J.S. Bell proved the contradiction between quantum mechanics and the hidden variable theories based on reality and locality of matter. As described herein, the relation between quantum mechanics and local realism is discussed. This paper presents the question of whether any version of local realism is contradicted by quantum mechanics. The answer is negative. An interpretation is proposed by which the contradiction is explained using physical variables of two types: (1) physical variables of the first type, such as positions and angles (i.e. coordinates), are realistic variables and always possess definite values independently of measurements; (2) those of the second type, such as momenta, angular momenta, and spins (i.e., conserved quantities), are non-realistic variables, which possess no value before measurement. Value definiteness of the first type provides a reliable basis to physical reality of matter, and non-reality of the second type might solve the problem of inconsistency between quantum mechanics and local realism.

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science•Jan 1, 2009•1 citation

Light interference and the absence of definite values of measured quantities a priori

Aleksandr V. Belinsky

The peculiarities of the behavior of photons in various experimental situations are considered. Variants of double-beam interference of a single photon and the possibility of forming a standing wave by this photon are analyzed; three-beam interference is also discussed. The effects observed in this case prove the absence of particular values of the measured quantities up to the moment of measurement; in the latter case, the number of photons in the field does not a priori have a certain value, in spite of the fact that the system is in the energy state. An experiment is also considered that proves the absence of a certain phase and the phase difference of photons in the Fock state, which makes it possible to treat different types of theories of hidden parameters, including nonlocal ones, more critically.

Moscow University Physics Bulletin•May 1, 2017•2 citations

Nonlocal classical "realism" and quantum superposition as the nonexistence of definite pre-measurement values of physical quantities

Aleksandr V. Belinsky, A.A. Klevtsov

Нелокальный классический "реализм" и квантовая суперпозиция как отсутствие определённых значений физических величин до момента измерения, Белинский А.В., Клевцов А.А.

Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk•Sep 1, 2017•3 citations
Abstract This paper reviews the schemes of experiments in which it was possible to prove, based on measured photon cross-correlation suppression effects in a beam splitter and preparing squeezed states, the nonexistence of a definite value of the photon phase difference in Fock states (otherwise, these two effects cannot exist simultaneously). It is shown that this conclusion emphasizes the internal inconsistency of interpreting the quantum mechanics in the spirit of classical nonlocal ‘realism’ — in the sense that measured physical quantities have no definite values a priori , i.e., before the instant of measurement.
We analyze the scheme of an experiment in which, by examining suppression effects of the cross correlation of photons in a beamsplitter and by preparing squeezed states, it is proven that the phase difference of photons in Fock states cannot acquire a certain value, since, otherwise, the simultaneous existence of these two effects would be impossible. We show that this reveals an intrinsic inconsistency of the nonlocal classical interpretation of quantum mechanics on the basis of nonlocal classical “realism.”
We argue that quantum nonlocality of entangled states is not an actual phenomenon. It appears in quantum mechanics as a consequence of the inconsistency of its superposition principle with the corpuscular properties of a quantum particle. In the existing form, this principle does not distinguish between macroscopically distinct states of a particle and their superpositions: it implies introducing observables for a particle, even if it is in an entangled state. However, a particle cannot take part simultaneously in two or more alternative macroscopically distinct sub-processes. Thus, calculating the expectation values of the one-particle's observables, for entangled states, is physically meaningless: Born's formula is not applicable to such states. The same concerns the entangled states of compound quantum systems. In the {\it existing} quantum mechanics, introducing Bell's inequalities is fully legal. However, these inequalities imply averaging over an entangled state, and, hence, they have no basis for their clear physical interpretation. Experiments to confirm the violation of Bell's inequalities do not prove the existence of nonlocality in microcosm. They confirm only that correlations introduced in the existing theory of entangled states have no physical sense, for they contradict special relativity.
Quantum mechanics is widely believed to be inconsistent with local realism because J.S. Bell proved the contradiction between quantum mechanics and the hidden variable theories based on reality and locality of matter. As described herein, the relation between quantum mechanics and local realism is discussed. This paper presents the question of whether any version of local realism is contradicted by quantum mechanics. The answer is negative. An interpretation is proposed by which the contradiction is explained using physical variables of two types: (1) physical variables of the first type, such as positions and angles (i.e. coordinates), are realistic variables and always possess definite values independently of measurements; (2) those of the second type, such as momenta, angular momenta, and spins (i.e., conserved quantities), are non-realistic variables, which possess no value before measurement. Value definiteness of the first type provides a reliable basis to physical reality of matter, and non-reality of the second type might solve the problem of inconsistency between quantum mechanics and local realism.
The peculiarities of the behavior of photons in various experimental situations are considered. Variants of double-beam interference of a single photon and the possibility of forming a standing wave by this photon are analyzed; three-beam interference is also discussed. The effects observed in this case prove the absence of particular values of the measured quantities up to the moment of measurement; in the latter case, the number of photons in the field does not a priori have a certain value, in spite of the fact that the system is in the energy state. An experiment is also considered that proves the absence of a certain phase and the phase difference of photons in the Fock state, which makes it possible to treat different types of theories of hidden parameters, including nonlocal ones, more critically.
Нелокальный классический "реализм" и квантовая суперпозиция как отсутствие определённых значений физических величин до момента измерения, Белинский А.В., Клевцов А.А.