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International Conference on Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems

A practical identity authentication scheme for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Shuquan Ma, Changhua Zhu, Changxing Pei

Published Jul 1, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In cryptography, an identity authentication protocol can be used to identify the legitimation of users in communication. Usually, it is totally irrelative with key distribution protocol. From this point of view, we introduce a novel mutual identity authentication scheme on the basis of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol, which utilizes the monogamous property of the Bell states. As a result, our proposed protocol can achieve identity authentication and key distribution in one round. Besides, we merge the estimation of error rate into the processing of identity authentication, it can make MDI-QKD more efficient. What's more, according to the simulation result, the protocol can work well in a noisy environment. Also due to the property of hash functions, it can be implemented efficiently with software.

DOI
10.1109/cits.2017.8035307

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In cryptography, an identity authentication protocol can be used to identify the legitimation of users in communication. Usually, it is totally irrelative with key distribution protocol. From this point of view, we introduce a novel mutual identity authentication scheme on the basis of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol, which utilizes the monogamous property of the Bell states. As a result, our proposed protocol can achieve identity authentication and key distribution in one round. Besides, we merge the estimation of error rate into the processing of identity authentication, it can make MDI-QKD more efficient. What's more, according to the simulation result, the protocol can work well in a noisy environment. Also due to the property of hash functions, it can be implemented efficiently with software.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was proposed to remove all the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the trusted encoding systems. Here we propose a one-sided MDI-QKD (1SMDI-QKD) protocol, which enjoys detection loophole-free advantage, and at the same time weakens the state preparation assumption in MDI-QKD. The 1SMDI-QKD can be regarded as a modified MDI-QKD, in which Bob's encoding system is trusted, while Alice's is uncharacterized. For the practical implementation, we also provide a scheme by utilizing coherent light source with an analytical two decoy state estimation method. Simulation with realistic experimental parameters shows that the protocol has a promising performance, and thus can be applied to practical QKD applications.
Abstract Quantum dialogue (QD) realizes the real-time secure bidirectional quantum communication. Measurement-device-independent (MDI) QD can resist all possible attacks focusing on the imperfect measurement devices and enhance QD’s practical security. However, in practical applications, any secure communication requires identity authentication as a prerequisite. In this paper, we propose an MDI QD protocol with bidirectional identity authentication. The practical communication parties can first authenticate the identity of each other simultaneously before the message exchange. In theory, our MDI QD protocol has unconditional security and the communication parties can exchange 1.5 bits of messages in each communication round with linear optical Bell state measurement. We numerically simulate the secrecy message capacity of our MDI QD protocol. Our protocol has two advantages. First, it can effectively resist the impersonation attack and enhance MDI QD’s practical security. Second, it does not require keys to assist the message exchange and has relatively high efficiency. Our protocol has application potential in the future quantum communication field.
Abstract Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI QKD) provides inherent immunity against attacks targeting practical measurement devices. Existing MDI QKD protocols all rely on Bell-state measurements (BSM) to establish correlations between the users. However, the success probability of linear-optics BSM is limited to 50%, which severely restricts the achievable key rate of MDI QKD. We propose a high-capacity MDI QKD protocol with entanglement-assisted linear-optical BSM. This protocol has three advantages. First, compared with the original MDI QKD, at least a 25% increase in the key rate can be achieved. Second, simulation results show that this protocol can effectively increase the maximum photon transmission distance of MDI QKD from 262 km to 272 km. Third, this protocol is feasible in a fully linear-optical system under current experimental conditions. Our protocol provides a potential approach for improving the performance of future quantum communication networks.
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides us a powerful approach to resist all attacks at detection side. Besides the unconditional security, people also seek for high key generation rate, but MDI-QKD has relatively low key generation rate. In this paper, we provide an efficient approach to increase the key generation rate of MDI-QKD by adopting multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) of single photons to generate keys. Compared with other high-dimension MDI-QKD protocols encoding in one DOF, our protocol is more flexible, for our protocol generating keys in independent subsystems and the detection failure or error in a DOF not affecting the information encoding in other DOFs. Based on above features, our MDI-QKD protocol may have potential application in future quantum communication field.
To date, only active-decoy-state methods have been adopted in current measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, causing security loopholes when modulating multiple light intensities with practical devices. To solve this problem, the passive-decoy-state method will be a good choice. Until today practical passive-decoy-state MDI QKD is still missing. In this paper, based on a recently discussed structure of heralded single-photon sources, we propose a passive-decoy-state MDI QKD protocol. In present work, one does not need to modulate light sources into different intensities, but utilizes the built-in local detection events to passively generate different decoy states. Furthermore, through carrying out an appropriate mathematical method, we are able to give very precise estimations for single-photon-pair contributions. As a result, our protocol can exhibit distinct advantages compared with state-of-the-art MDI QKD schemes even when the finite-key-size effect is taken into account. Therefore, our protocol seems a promising candidate to enhance both the security and performance of MDI QKD in practical implementation.
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables secure message transmission without needing pre-shared keys. To enhance the practical reliability of QSDC systems, measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocols have emerged, providing robust security in real-world applications. Despite the advantages of MDI protocols, their implementation has not yet accomplished communication using only single photons which are advantageous due to their ease of preparation and transmission. In this letter, by employing single photons, we propose a novel MDI-QSDC protocol with identity authentication. This protocol achieves mutual identity authentication between the communicating parties, Alice and Bob, enabling authenticated Alice to securely transmit her secret message directly to authenticated Bob. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the protocol is resilient to identity and message security threats. Simulations with practical experimental parameters and efficiency analysis highlight its potential in quantum communication.