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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Attosecond polarization control in atomic RABBITT-like experiments assisted by a circularly polarized laser

Diego I. R. Boll, O A Fojón

Published Sep 14, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We study theoretically the single ionization of noble gas atoms by the combined action of an attosecond pulse train with linear polarization and an assistant laser field with circular polarization. We employ a non-perturbative model that under certain approximations gives closed-form expressions for the angular distributions of photoelectrons. Interestingly, our model allow us to interpret these angular distributions as two-centre interferences where the orientation and the modulus of the separation vector between the virtual emitters is governed by the assistant laser field. Additionally, we show that such a configuration of light fields is similar to the polarization control technique, where both the attosecond pulse train and the assistant laser field have linear polarizations whose relative orientation may be controlled. Moreover, in order to compare our results with the available experimental data, we obtain analytical expressions for the cross sections integrated over the photoelectron emission angles. By means of these expressions, we define the ‘magic time’ as the delay for which the total cross sections for atomic targets exhibit the same functional form as the one of the monochromatic photoionization of diatomic molecular targets.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aa8c9f

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Abstract We study theoretically the single ionization of noble gas atoms by the combined action of an attosecond pulse train with linear polarization and an assistant laser field with circular polarization. We employ a non-perturbative model that under certain approximations gives closed-form expressions for the angular distributions of photoelectrons. Interestingly, our model allow us to interpret these angular distributions as two-centre interferences where the orientation and the modulus of the separation vector between the virtual emitters is governed by the assistant laser field. Additionally, we show that such a configuration of light fields is similar to the polarization control technique, where both the attosecond pulse train and the assistant laser field have linear polarizations whose relative orientation may be controlled. Moreover, in order to compare our results with the available experimental data, we obtain analytical expressions for the cross sections integrated over the photoelectron emission angles. By means of these expressions, we define the ‘magic time’ as the delay for which the total cross sections for atomic targets exhibit the same functional form as the one of the monochromatic photoionization of diatomic molecular targets.
Abstract The single ionization of noble gas atoms by an attosecond pulse train assisted by an infrared laser field is theoretically investigated by means of a non-perturbative model that under certain approximations gives closed-form expressions for the angular distributions of photoelectrons. A very good agreement between our predictions and experiments is observed. Interestingly, our model allow us to interpret these angular distributions as two-center interferences where the separation between centers is governed by the infrared laser field. Finally, we provide a physical interpretation for the analogy of the two-center interferences.
Abstract The mutual angle formed by the non-collinear polarization axes of two laser pulses is used to control two-photon extreme ultraviolet and infrared ionization of noble gas atoms in the process of reconstruction of attosecond bursts by beating of two-photon transitions (RABBITT). The magnitude and the phase of this beating can be controlled very efficiently by the mutual polarization angle. The mechanism of this control can be understood within the lowest order perturbation theory and the soft photon approximation. We offer a very sensitive test on the polarization control of the angular dependent RABBITT process which validates our numerical simulations. We apply this test to the recent theoretical and experimental results of polarization controlled RABBITT on hydrogen and helium by Boll et al (2023 Phys. Rev. A 107 043113) and heavier noble gases by Jiang et al (2022 Nat. Commun. 13 5072).
The reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) setup is theoretically studied for various combinations of extreme ultraviolet and infrared (IR) field components polarization: ``linear+linear\mathrm{linear}+\mathrm{linear}linear+linear,'' ``linear+circular\mathrm{linear}+\mathrm{circular}linear+circular'' with crossed propagation directions, and ``circular+circular\mathrm{circular}+\mathrm{circular}circular+circular'' with parallel propagation directions. We examine the general properties of photoelectron angular distributions and their response to the variation of the IR pulse delay. Numerical simulations are performed for the neon valence shell ionization into the structureless continuum using two approaches: time-dependent perturbation theory and the solution of amplitude rate equations. To distinguish between ``geometrical'' governed by fields polarization and spectroscopic features, we provide an additional analysis for the case of sss-shell ionization.
We theoretically study the infrared (IR)-dressed photoionization of atoms excited by extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse trains above ionization threshold. The initial state of atoms is treated perturbatively by the IR field, and the continuum states are considered as Coulomb–Volkov (CV) waves. CV waves can much reduce the gauge difference calculated with Volkov waves, and, in general, the contribution of ground-state perturbation to the photoelectron spectrum is negligible. Our calculations show qualitative agreement with the experimental results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 013001 (2005)]. An evident dependence of the photoelectron spectrum on the delay phase between the IR field and the attosecond pulse train is exhibited in both helium and argon. The angular distribution of photoelectrons with various IR polarizations and the corresponding photoelectron spectra are presented. The linearly polarized IR fields are shown to have a higher controlling capability of the spectrum via IR delay phases than the circularly polarized fields. On the other hand, the circularly polarized IR fields have a fruitful angular dependence of photoelectrons with various IR delay phases.
We utilize the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) technique to study the phase of a Rabi-cycling atom using circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet and infrared fields, where the infrared field induces Rabi oscillations between the 2s2s2s and 2p2p2p states of lithium. Autler-Townes splittings are observed in sidebands of the photoelectron spectra and the relative phases of outgoing electron wave packets are retrieved from the azimuthal angle. In this RABBITT scheme, more ionization pathways beyond the usual two-photon pathways are required. Our results show that the polar-angle-integrated and polar-angle-resolved RABBITT phases have different behaviors when the extreme ultraviolet and infrared fields have co- and counter-rotating circular polarizations, which are traced back to the different ionization channels according to the selection rules in these two cases and their competition relying on the propensity rule in laser-assisted photoionization.