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Plasmonics: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications

Optical bistability and optical response of an infrared quantum dot hybridized to VO2 nanoparticle

Ali Hatef, Alireza Keshavarz, Naser Zamani, Hamid Nadgaran

Published Aug 25, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we theoretically investigate optical bistability and optical response of a hybrid system consisting of semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) coupled with a vanadium dioxide nanoparticle (VO2NP) in the infrared (IR) regime. The VO2 material exists in semiconductor and metallic phases below and above the critical temperature, respectively where the particle optical properties dramatically change during this phase transition. In our calculations a filling fraction factor controls the VO2NP phase transition when the hybrid system interacts with a laser field. We demonstrate that the switch-up threshold for optical bistability is strongly controlled by filling fraction without changing the structure of the hybrid system. Also, it is shown that, the threshold of optical bistability increases when the VO2NP phases changes from semiconductor to metallic phase. The presented results have the potential to be applied in designing optical switching and optical storage.

DOI
10.1117/12.2272622

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We numerically investigate the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a hybrid system consisting of a three-level quantum dot (QD) in the vicinity of vanadium dioxide nanoparticle (VO2NP). VO2NP has semiconductor and metallic phases where the transition between the two phases occurs around a critical temperature. When the QD-VO2NP hybrid system interacts with continuous wave laser fields in an infrared regime, it supports a coherent coupling of exciton–polariton and exciton–plasmon polariton in semiconductor and metal phases of VO2NP, respectively. In our calculations a filling fraction factor controls the VO2NP phase transition. A probe and control laser field configuration is studied for the hybrid system to measure the absorption of QD through the filling fraction factor manipulations. We show that for the VO2NP semiconductor phase and proper geometrical configuration, the absorption spectrum profile of the QD represents an EIT with two peaks and a clear minimum. These two peaks merge to one through the VO2NP phase transition to metal. We also show that the absorption spectrum profile is modified by different orientations of the laser fields with the axis of the QD-VO2NP hybrid system. The innovation in comparison to other research in the field is that robust variation in the absorption profile through EIT is due to the phase transition in VO2NP without any structural change in the QD-VO2NP hybrid system. Our results can be employed to design nanothermal sensors, optical nanoswitches, and energy transfer devices.
We perform a theoretical study of the optical dynamics of a hybrid system comprised of a closely spaced semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a metal nanoparticle (MNP). We show that, depending on the strength of the SQD-MNP coupling, the system can manifest bistability in the optical response. The SQD population demonstrate a hysteresis behavior upon sweeping adiabatically up and down the input intensity. We calculate the relaxation time required for the SQD population to reach its steadystate value and show that close to a critical intensity of the input, at which the SQD population switches from a lower to a higher value, the relaxation time is slowing down dramatically.
We theoretically study the optical bistability assisted by multipole polarizations in a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD)/metal nanoparticle (MNP) hybrid molecule. We map out bistability phase diagrams within the parameter subspace spanned by (the pumping intensity Ipu, interparticle distance, d) under dipole and multipole approximations. It is shown that the Ipu-correlated bistable region will be broadened greatly in the strong exciton–plasmon coupling regime, and the corresponding lower (upper) bistable threshold is enlarged significantly due to multipole polarization (N = 10) in comparison to that in the dipole approximation (N = 1). However, under the same conditions, the d-correlated bistable region is shrunk at high pump intensities. Our contribution not only offers a better understanding of exciton–plasmon coupling systems but also expands the application of SQD/MNP hybrid molecules in the field of optical bistable nanodevices.
We discuss the optical bistability and multistability properties of incident light on a unidirectional ring cavity consisting of a hybrid semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system driven by coupling and incoherent pumping fields. We consider the quantum dot system as a three-level V-type configuration which is placed near the metallic nanoparticle. We realize that the threshold of optical bistability and optical multistability can be controlled by tuning the center-to-center distance between quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles. Moreover, the effect of incoherent pumping field on optical bistability and optical multistability has been discussed for different distances between quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles.
We study the response of a semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system to an external field E0 cos (ωt). The borders between Fano, double peaks, weak transition, strong transition, and bistability regions of the phase diagram move considerably as one regards the multipole effects. The exciton-induced transparency is an artifact of the dipole approximation. The absorption of the nanoparticle, the population inversion of the quantum dot, the upper and lower limits of intensity where bistability occurs, the characteristic time to reach the steady state, and other features of the hybrid system change due to the multipole effects. The phase diagrams corresponding to the fields parallel and perpendicular to the axis of system are quite distinguishable. Thus, both the intensity and the polarization of the incident field can be used to control the system. In particular, the incident polarization can be used to switch on and switch off the bistable behavior. For applications such as miniaturized bistable devices and nanosensors sensitive to variations of the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium, multipole effects must be considered.
Optical response of a complex nanodimer comprising a semiconductor quantum dot via Coulomb interaction to a metal nanorod is analyzed theoretically. Optical bistability (OB) behavior of a coherently coupled exciton-plasmon (plexcitonic) hybrid system under a laser field is investigated. The bistable exciton population in a hybrid metal–semiconductor nanodimer response is shown, and it could be pointed out that OB behavior is strongly influenced by various parameters such as size of metal nanoparticle, interparticle distance as well as intensity of probe laser field. We show that OB can be observed for a plexcitonic system and depends strongly on the type of the metals which are good candidates for plasmonic applications. The numerical calculations show the gold nanorod exhibits significant optical bistability. The result promises various applications in the field of all-optical information processing at the nanoscale, the most basic of them being the optical switching, optical memory, optical transistor and optical logic.