In this work we discuss the possibility of reconciling quantum mechanics with classical mechanics by formulating a temporal dynamics, which is a dynamics caused by the rate of change of time with respect to distance. First, we show that a temporal dynamics can be derived from the time dilation formula in Einstein’s theory of special relativity. Then we show that a short-lived time-dependent force derived from a dynamical equation that is obtained from the temporal dynamics in a 1-dimensional temporal manifold can be used to describe Bohr’s postulates of quantum radiation and quantum transition between stable orbits in terms of classical dynamics and differential geometry. We extend our discussions on formulating a temporal dynamics to a 3-dimensional temporal manifold. With this generalisation we are able to demonstrate that a sub-quantum dynamics is a classical dynamics.
In this work we discuss the possibility of reconciling quantum mechanics with classical mechanics by formulating a temporal dynamics, which is a dynamics caused by the rate of change of time with respect to distance. First, we show that a temporal dynamics can be derived from the time dilation formula in Einstein’s theory of special relativity. Then we show that a short-lived time-dependent force derived from a dynamical equation that is obtained from the temporal dynamics in a 1-dimensional temporal manifold can be used to describe Bohr’s postulates of quantum radiation and quantum transition between stable orbits in terms of classical dynamics and differential geometry. We extend our discussions on formulating a temporal dynamics to a 3-dimensional temporal manifold. With this generalisation we are able to demonstrate that a sub-quantum dynamics is a classical dynamics.
The Theory of Temporal Relativity proposes a unified theoretical framework that extends Special and General Relativity into the complex domain, integrating aspects of Quantum Mechanics within a single geometrical structure. The theory introduces a generalized Hilbert-space geometry and interprets quantum states as observer-dependent, arising from complex temporal relations between reference frames. Theory of Temporal Relativity is a theoretical framework proposing a unified extension of Special and General Relativity into the complex domain, with the goal of incorporating aspects of Quantum Mechanics within a consistent geometrical model. The theory generalizes Hilbert-space geometry and relativistic invariance to complex coordinates, introducing observer-dependent descriptions of physical quantities and a reinterpretation of quantum states as complex-phase relations between reference frames. Within this model, fundamental constants such as c, G, and h are not strictly universal but can exhibit apparent local variations arising from the observer’s position in the complex spacetime manifold. These variations preserve global covariance and CPT symmetry while reconciling quantum non-locality with relativistic kinematics. The framework predicts experimentally testable effects, including measurable phase shifts in interferometric experiments, possible frequency modulations in non-inertial systems, and small local deviations of physical constants detectable in condensed-matter and gravitational contexts. The supplementary work, “Quantum Uncertainty, Planck’s Constant, and Ontological Insights from Complex Spacetime Geometry and Local Metric Deformations”, develops the principle of Temporal Relativity as a foundational element of the theory. It formalizes the connection between quantum uncertainty, metric deformations, and complex temporal structures, within an alternative logical framework (AU). This extension provides both an ontological interpretation of the wavefunction and a basis for the emergence of quantum indeterminacy from geometric causes. Together, these works present a coherent attempt to unify the relativistic and quantum domains under a single complex-geometric view of spacetime, maintaining mathematical rigor while providing clear experimental pathways for empirical validation.
The role of time has changed conceptually moving from classical Newtonian physics to general relativity and is one of the main obstacles avoiding a clear unification between a covariant quantum mechanics theory and a theory of gravity. In quantum mechanics as in Newtonian physics, time is an evolutional causal parameter, while in general relativity, time has become a spatial axis where matter is spread over the whole world line (an unlocalized 4D wave function), and the 4D picture became a static picture where our empirical experience of dynamics is merely an illusion of our minds. Understanding that Newtonian time still exists in parallel to the 4D world, raises the possibility to describe gravity within a manifestly covariant quantum theory. The examples of the use of such a theory raise the possibility of a clear interpretation of recent interference in time experiments, and also raise new physics when dealing with a curved spacetime.
One of the most profound and difficult problems of physics in the last century is the construction of a simple theory which unites the ideas of quantum mechanics and relativity. The concepts which are used in quantum mechanics related to the measurements of positions, momenta, energy and time, are the same concepts in terms of which the special relativistic postulates are formulated. Hence, it is at least possible to formulate the requirement of special relativistic invariance for quantum theories and to ascertain whether these requirements are satisfied. The fact that the answer is nearer to no than to yes, that quantum mechanics has not yet been fully adjusted to the postulates of the special theory, is perhaps irritating. In the general theory of relativity, the situation is different: the space-time coordinates are only auxiliary quantities to which arbitrary values for every event could be given. Hence, the measurement of position, that is, of the space coordin ates, is certainly not a significant measurement if the postulates of the general theory are adopted: any arbitrary value can be given to the coordinates. The same holds for momenta. The purpose of this brief paper is to make in principle some personal and particular remarks on the fundamental concepts of time and mass. Some comments about the consequences on the relativistic dynamics of quantum systems are also formulated.
What is quantum mechanics and what does it do ? In very general terms, the basic problem that both classical Newtonian mechanics and quantum mechanics seek to address can be stated very simply: if the state of a dynamic system is known initially and something is done to it, how will the state of the system change with time in response ? In this chapter, we will give a brief overview of, first, how Newtonian mechanics goes about solving the problem for systems in the macroscopic world and, then, how quantum mechanics does it for systems on the atomic and subatomic scale. We will see qualitatively what the differences and similarities of the two schemes are and what the domain of applicability of each is. Brief overview of classical mechanics To answer the question posed above systematically, we must first give a more rigorous formulation of the problem and introduce the special language and terminology (in double quotation marks) that will be used in subsequent discussions. For the macroscopic world, common sense tells us that, to begin with, we should identify the “system” that we are dealing with in terms of a set of “static properties” that do not change with time in the context of the problem. For example, the mass of an object might be a static property. The change in the “state” of the system is characterized by a set of “dynamic variables.
Biconformal spaces contain the essential elements of quantum mechanics, making the independent imposition of quantization unnecessary. Based on three postulates characterizing motion and measurement in biconformal geometry, we derive standard quantum mechanics, and show how the need for probability amplitudes arises from the use of a standard of measurement. Additionally, we show that a postulate for unique, classical motion yields Hamiltonian dynamics with no measurable size changes, while a postulate for probabilistic evolution leads to physical dilatations manifested as measurable phase changes. Our results lead to the Feynman path integral formulation, from which follows the Schrödinger equation. We discuss the Heisenberg uncertainty relation and fundamental canonical commutation relations.
Historically, special relativity followed as a generalization of Newtonian mechanics and later quantum mechanics (both nonrelativistic and relativistic) was developed as a somewhat independent theory with some connections to Newtonian/special relativistic concepts such as energy and momentum and their conservation. For example, the Newtonian concept of a potential V(x) is used in quantum mechanics. Here we wish to consider the notion of a system seen from different frames moving with constant speed (-v) together with some basic physical ideas that are presumed to hold at any scale such as the idea of a push or pull changing the speed of a particle and the notion of speed itself. We argue that one may develop special relativistic equations in such a manner, but at the same time consider notions of dp/dt and dE/dx linked not only to Newtonian mechanical ideas, but at the same time to quantum mechanics, by generalizing these forms. We argue that one may start with the notion of energy, momentum and their conservation together with the generalizations of a linear force linked to finite dt=hbar/E and dx=hbar/p. This allows one to a priori write, based on conservation of energy for v<