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A Classical Explanation for the Correlation of Entangled Quantum Particles Via the Detection Loophole

Declan Traill

Published Jul 1, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum Mechanics claim that particles can become entangled such that there is a correlation in the detected results from EPR type experiments that cannot be explained by Classical Physics. This paper shows one way, via the detection loophole, that the result can be fully explained by Classical Physics, and that the correlation curve for different angles between the two detectors can by reproduced when modelled this way.

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Quantum Mechanics claim that particles can become entangled such that there is a correlation in the detected results from EPR type experiments that cannot be explained by Classical Physics. This paper shows one way, via the detection loophole, that the result can be fully explained by Classical Physics, and that the correlation curve for different angles between the two detectors can by reproduced when modelled this way.
Quantum Mechanics claims that particles can become entangled such that there is a correlation in the detected results from EPR type experiments that cannot be explained by Classical Physics. This paper shows that the result can be fully explained by Classical Physics, and that the correlation curve for different angles between the two detectors can by reproduced when modeled this way. The model can even explain the results of the most recent supposed loophole-free Quantum Steering experiments – giving a clear violation of the Steering Inequality.
In many quantum measurement experiments and thought experiments, measurement results appear that do not seem to have classic explanations. As example: In quantum particle spin experiments, entangled particles appear to interact instantly across distances; and in interferometer experiments, one measurement result appears to be split over two paths. Currently, these measurement phenomena are treated as unique to quantum mechanics and not understandable in classic physics. Recognizing calibration in theory explains and resolves all the differences that appear to occur between classic and quantum measurements.
From its seemingly non-intuitive and puzzling nature, most evident in numerous EPR-like gedanken experiments to its almost ubiquitous presence in quantum technologies, entanglement is at the heart of modern quantum physics. First introduced by Erwin Schrödinger nearly a century ago, entanglement has remained one of the most fascinating ideas that came out of quantum mechanics. Here, we attempt to explain what makes entanglement fundamentally different from any classical phenomenon. To this end, we start with a historical overview of entanglement and discuss several hidden variables models that were conceived to provide a classical explanation and demystify quantum entanglement. We discuss some inequalities and bounds that are violated by quantum states thereby falsifying the existence of some of the classical hidden variables theories. We also discuss some exciting manifestations of entanglement, such as N00N states and the non-separable single particle states. We conclude by discussing some contemporary results regarding quantum correlations and present a future outlook for the research of quantum entanglement.
In this paper we derive a general approach using correlation functions for interpreting the results of measurements on two-particle entangled states. In our analysis we explicitly take into account the detector efficiency. We show that all Bell-type inequalities have bounds depending on both the losses in the apparatus and the supplementary assumptions about the statistical distribution of the losses themselves. Moreover, our approach enables us to include in the causal and local theory the same assumptions as used in the quantum mechanical analysis of an experiment, and to deduce the inequality which has to be satisfied by any local realistic model incorporating these assumptions. We show that, although the most recent experiments on Bell's inequality can be considered to be a remarkable step in the direction of testing quantum mechanics predictions, the loophole of the low quantum efficiency of the detector is not yet solved. In fact, using the quantum mechanical assumption of random nondetection in the causal and local approach, we deduce a generalized Bell-type inequality which includes no-count events and whose upper bound can be violated by the quantum mechanical predictions only if the detector quantum efficiency is >0.811.