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物理科学与应用：英文版

Origin of Particle Spins, Bosons and Fermions, Compounds of Zero Spin Particles, in Complex Spin Region

Shaoxu Ren

Published Mar 28, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper shows: Bosons and Fermions maybe the compounds Π of two zero spin particles which are spin-conjugates each other in complex region.There are two kinds of spin-conjugates of zero spin particle: real spin-conjugate ( Real , ) and imaginary spin-conjugate ( Imaginary , ).Using ( Real , ), Bosons and Fermions of Antimatter Π could be formed, and using ( Imaginary , ), Bosons and Fermions of Matter Π could be formed.

DOI
10.17265/2159-5348/2017.03.007

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This paper shows: Bosons and Fermions maybe the compounds Π of two zero spin particles which are spin-conjugates each other in complex region.There are two kinds of spin-conjugates of zero spin particle: real spin-conjugate ( Real , ) and imaginary spin-conjugate ( Imaginary , ).Using ( Real , ), Bosons and Fermions of Antimatter Π could be formed, and using ( Imaginary , ), Bosons and Fermions of Matter Π could be formed.
There are two kinds of spin particles in nature, the Boson and the Fermion.Those with integer value spin 0, 1, 2...are called Bosons, with half-integer value spin /2, 3/2, 5/2...are called Fermions.It is well known that everything in the universe is made of Bosons and Fermions.The spin representations of Boson and the Fermion in conventional quantum mechanics are expressed by Hermitian matrices, which are finite dimensional matrices.Are there so-called the Third Kind Of Particles (TKP), for an example, whose spin maybe /3, /4, /5, /6..., which are neither Bosons nor Fermions?This article concerns about the possible math figure of TKP.More detailed material related to derivative process and ideas evolvement of TKP are given.
A charged elementary particle fluctuates from its mean position because of the presence of zero-point fields in vacuum. Considering the complex oscillations of the particle as two general types of rotations, an attempt has been made to explore the classical origin of spin angular momentum. The oscillations of the particle in zero-point field can be transformed as rotations on complex plane and the spin angular momentum is identified with imaginary part of rotations. The quantum value of spin angular momentum has been determined within the purview of stochastic electrodynamics. Keywords: Spin angular momentum, Zero-point energy, Stochastic Electrodynamics. 1.
The degrees of freedom studied so far have been either real or complex variables. These variables commute under multiplication, in the sense that two numbers a, b satisfy ab = ba ; commuting variables are generically called bosonic variables, or bosonic degrees of freedom. Typical of the bosonic case are the degrees of freedom for a collection of quantum mechanical particles. Interactions of fundamental particles are generally mediated by bosonic fields such as the Maxwell electromagnetic field, whereas mass is usually carried by particles that are fermions, the most familiar being the electron. Two key features distinguish fermions from bosons: Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state. This is the reason the concept of intensity does not apply to a fermion. A high intensity electric field is a reflection of the presence of a large number of photons, which are bosons, in the same quantum state; for photons, any number of photons can be in the same quantum state. In contrast, an electron is either in a quantum state or it is not; in particular, ignoring spin, an electron exists at a point or there is no electron there. The state function of a multi-bosonic system is totally symmetric in that the exchange of any two bosonic degrees of freedom yields the same state function. In contrast, a multi-fermion system is totally anti-symmetric: the exchange of any two fermion degrees of freedom gives the same state – but with a negative sign .
The real and imaginary parts of the complex can well reflect the contradictions of unity of opposites and transformed into each other. The real part of the complex physical quantity reflects the nonlinear and non-superposition characteristics of the particle, the imaginary part reflects the fluctuation characteristics of material linear and superposition. The real part of the complex energy form the macroscopic Einstein mass energy equation, the imaginary part of the complex energy form Planck energy equation. Bosons and fermions are the same substance in different motion state in time and space. The peak of the matter wave form boson state typical; intersection of matter wave and the space formed fermions typical U (20) superunified group covers four kinds of forces.
The notion of the spin is shown to have two constituents, as exemplified by the spin of the electron. The first one is related to the form of the wave equation and determines the fermion or boson particle type. This implies the spin taking strictly half-integer or integer number. The second side of spin manifestation is related to the physical nature of the spin of the electron (and the corresponding magnetic moment) in the interaction resulting in nonuniform motion. It is shown that in this manifestation spin is no more fixed constant.
We locate the complex zeros of an equal-time pairing measurement in a finite fermion system. Let P_i = c_{i↓}c_{i↑} annihilate an on-site pair and let M = Σ_i (P_i + P_i†) be its uniform pairing quadrature. For complex-conjugate hopping matrices in the two spin sectors, nonnegative onsite attraction, and nonnegative couplings between these quadratures, the polynomial z^n ⟨e^{(log z)M}⟩_β has all 2n zeros on |z| = 1 at every finite inverse temperature β > 0. We reach the measurement generating function by concentrating a time-dependent source into a shrinking imaginary-time interval with fixed integrated strength. If e^{±iθ₁} are the zeros nearest z = 1, then π²/(4θ₁²) ≤ ⟨M²⟩β ≤ 9n/(2√7 θ₁). For charge-conserving Gibbs states and P = Σ_i P_i, these bounds make lim inf_n ⟨P†P⟩{β_n}/n² > 0 equivalent to lim sup_n nθ₁^(n) < ∞. The criterion allows arbitrary finite positive β_n and unrestricted hopping geometry. Convergence of the scaled log generating functions on any positive-real set with an interior accumulation point determines a unique limiting angle measure and its origin density. Independent growing ordered blocks show why positive origin density and whole-system macroscopic fluctuations have different content. The folded zero product also gives positive inverse-root sums and finite cumulant recurrences. An exact free four-site calculation and an interacting rational certificate separate directional cumulant signs from individual-component signs. The pulse implication also yields a finite-temperature Ising application.