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A partial order on coherent states introduced by incoherent operations

Shuanping Du, Zhaofang Bai, Yu Chen Guo

Published Mar 31, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We build the counterpart of the celebrated Nielsen's theorem for coherence manipulation in this paper. This offers an affirmative answer to the open question: whether, given two states $\rho$ and $\sigma$, either $\rho$ can be transformed into $\sigma$ or vice versa under incoherent operations [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{113}, 140401(2014)]. As a consequence, we find that there exist essentially different types of coherence. Moreover, incoherent operations can be enhanced in the presence of certain coherent states. These extra states are coherent catalysts: they allow uncertain incoherent operations to be realized, without being consumed in any way. Our main result also sheds a new light on the construction of coherence measures.

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We build the counterpart of the celebrated Nielsen's theorem for coherence manipulation in this paper. This offers an affirmative answer to the open question: whether, given two states ρ\rhoρ and σ\sigmaσ, either ρ\rhoρ can be transformed into σ\sigmaσ or vice versa under incoherent operations [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{113}, 140401(2014)]. As a consequence, we find that there exist essentially different types of coherence. Moreover, incoherent operations can be enhanced in the presence of certain coherent states. These extra states are coherent catalysts: they allow uncertain incoherent operations to be realized, without being consumed in any way. Our main result also sheds a new light on the construction of coherence measures.
We build in this paper the counterpart of the celebrated Nielsen theorem for coherence manipulation. This offers an affirmative answer to the open question: whether, given two states $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, either $\ensuremath{\rho}$ can be transformed into $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ or vice versa under incoherent operations [Baumgratz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140401 (2014)]. As a consequence, we find that there exist essentially different types of coherence. Moreover, incoherent operations can be enhanced in the presence of certain coherent states. These extra states are coherent catalysts: they allow uncertain incoherent operations to be realized without being consumed in any way. Our main result also sheds light on the construction of coherence measures.
In 2016, Winter and Yang [A. Winter and D. Yang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 120404 (2016)] provided an operational meaning to relative entropy of coherence and coherence of formation by introducing coherence distillation and dilation protocols in an asymptotic setup. Here we have provided relative entropy of coherence [via incoherent operations (IO)] and coherence of formation (via IO) and quantum incoherent relative entropy [via local quantum incoherent operations with classical communications (LQICC)] as a measure using the concept of a catalyst. We have proved an existential correspondence between asymptotic and catalytic state transformation using IO, local incoherent operations with classical communications, and LQICC. We have also discussed two very important protocols, assisted distillation and quantum incoherent state merging using a catalyst. Monotone properties of relative entropy of coherence, coherence of formation, and quantum incoherent relative entropy under the catalytic transformation are also discussed here.
We study partial coherence and its connection with entanglement. First, we provide a sufficient and necessary condition for bipartite pure-state transformation under partially incoherent operations: A bipartite pure state can be transformed to another one if and only if a majorization relationship holds between their partial coherence vectors. As a consequence, we introduce the concept of maximal partial coherent states in the sense that they can be used to construct any bipartite state of the same system via partial incoherent operations. Second, we provide a strategy to construct measures of partial coherence by use of symmetric concave functions. Third, we establish the relationship between partial coherence and entanglement. We show that the minimal partial coherence under local unitary transformations is also a measure of entanglement for bipartite pure states, which can be extended to all mixed states by convex-roof extension. Conversely, every entanglement measure can be constructed as a partial coherence measure, and we further show that partial coherence measures are induced through maximal entanglement under partially incoherent operations for bipartite pure states.
Catalytic coherence transformations allow the otherwise impossible state transformations using only incoherent operations with the aid of an auxiliary system with finite coherence that is not being consumed in any way. Here we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the deterministic and stochastic catalytic coherence transformations between a pair of pure quantum states. In particular, we show that the simultaneous decrease of a family of R\'enyi entropies of the diagonal parts of the states under consideration is a necessary and sufficient condition for the deterministic catalytic coherence transformations. Similarly, for stochastic catalytic coherence transformations we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving a higher optimal probability of conversion. We thus completely characterize the coherence transformations among pure quantum states under incoherent operations. We give numerous examples to elaborate our results. We also explore the possibility of the same system acting as a catalyst for itself and find that indeed self-catalysis is possible. Further, for the cases where no catalytic coherence transformation is possible we provide entanglement-assisted coherence transformations and find the necessary and sufficient conditions for such transformations.
As an important quantum resource, quantum coherence play key role in quantum information processing. It is often concerned with manipulation of families of quantum states rather than individual states in isolation. Given two pairs of coherent states (ρ1,ρ2)(\rho_1,\rho_2)(ρ1​,ρ2​) and (σ1,σ2)(\sigma_1,\sigma_2)(σ1​,σ2​), we are aimed to study how can we determine if there exists a strictly incoherent operation Φ\PhiΦ such that Φ(ρi)=σi,i=1,2\Phi(\rho_i) =\sigma_i,i = 1,2Φ(ρi​)=σi​,i=1,2. This is also a classic question in quantum hypothesis testing. In this note, structural characterization of coherent preorder under strongly incoherent operations is provided. Basing on the characterization, we propose an approach to realize coherence distillation from rank-two mixed coherent states to qqq-level maximally coherent states. In addition, one scheme of coherence manipulation between rank-two mixed states is also presented.