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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Cavity enhanced non-linear spectroscopy of ultra-narrow optical transitions

Dominic Meiser, Michael J. Martin, Jun Ye, Murray Holland

Published Jun 16, 2011• 0 citations
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Nonlinear spectroscopy has become a useful tool in laser cooling, frequency stabilization and so on. We use the 455.5 nm light beam output of an external cavity diode laser to perform the saturation spectroscopy signal and polarization spectroscopy signal on the 6S 1/2 → 7P 3/2 transition in cesium. The measured linewidth of the F4 → 4, 5 transition is as narrow as 1.40 MHz and that of the F3 → 2,3 transition is 1.67 MHz. Both of them are very close to the natural linewidth of about 1.2 MHz. Our result is the narrowest measured linewidth of Cs 455 nm saturation spectroscopy signal to our knowledge.

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In my thesis work, I have explored a variety of ways in which narrow linewidth optical transitions can be utilized to extend the capabilities of precision measurement and quantum science. These tools include non-destructive atom counting techniques that may enhance the performance of optical lattice clocks, a novel form of cavity enhanced atomic spectroscopy appropriate for laser frequency stabilization, a new form of laser cooling with reduced reliance on spontaneous emission, several methods for enhancing the sensitivity of proposed atomic gravitational wave detectors, a newly observed form of cavity-mediated spin-spin interactions, and a new class of laser based on optical superradiance from narrow and ultra-narrow linewidth transitions. As part of the superradiant laser project, we have demonstrated the most precise active absolute frequency reference realized to date, which still has great potential for improvement.\nMany of these tools involve coupling atoms to an optical cavity, a field known as cavity quantum electrodynamics, or cavity QED. In my thesis work, a key focus was the extension of cavity QED techniques into the new regime of coupling large ensembles of atoms to a cavity using narrow linewidth optical transitions (in contrast to the previously explored regimes of microwave-frequency transitions or broad-linewidth optical transitions). To this end, I constructed a new experiment to couple an ensemble of atoms to an optical cavity using two optical transitions in atomic strontium, one with a narrow 7.5 kHz linewidth, and another with an ultra-narrow 1 mHz linewidth. This new system has allowed us to access a unique new regime of cavity QED, and a wealth of interesting and useful applications.
We will describe a next-generation active atomic frequency reference based on super-radiant pulses of laser light from the ultra-narrow, 1 mHz linewidth, optical clock transition in an ensemble of cold 87Sr atoms. Light is stimulated from the millihertz linewidth transition by confining an ensemble of laser cooled atoms inside of a high finesse optical cavity. Such a light source has been proposed as a next-generation active atomic frequency reference, with the potential to enable high-precision optical frequency references to be used outside laboratory environments. We achieve a remarkable short term fractional frequency stability, 6.7 × 1016 at 1 s of averaging, absolute accuracy, 2 Hz (4 × 1015 fractional frequency), and high insensitivity to changes in the cavity length that limits the performance of todays more stable lasers. We will also discuss current work on cavity-enhanced dispersive measurements to perform high resolution spectroscopy and atom counting.
Nonlinear spectroscopy has become a useful tool in laser cooling, frequency stabilization and so on. We use the 455.5 nm light beam output of an external cavity diode laser to perform the saturation spectroscopy signal and polarization spectroscopy signal on the 6S 1/2 → 7P 3/2 transition in cesium. The measured linewidth of the F4 → 4, 5 transition is as narrow as 1.40 MHz and that of the F3 → 2,3 transition is 1.67 MHz. Both of them are very close to the natural linewidth of about 1.2 MHz. Our result is the narrowest measured linewidth of Cs 455 nm saturation spectroscopy signal to our knowledge.