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Physical Review A

Robust generation of orbital-angular-momentum–entangled biphotons in twisted nonlinear-waveguide arrays

Dmitrii N. Vavulin, Andrey A. Sukhorukov

Published Jul 10, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the generation of photon pairs entangled in optical angular momentum through spontaneous four-wave mixing in circular arrays of nonlinear waveguides. We show that the incorporation of the array twist along the waveguides can enable robust generation even in the presence of defects and inhomogeneities. We present analytical results and numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations for the classical pump field and a discrete Schr\"odinger equation for the biphoton wave function.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.013812

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We describe the generation of photon pairs entangled in optical angular momentum through spontaneous four-wave mixing in circular arrays of nonlinear waveguides. We show that the incorporation of the array twist along the waveguides can enable robust generation even in the presence of defects and inhomogeneities. We present analytical results and numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations for the classical pump field and a discrete Schr"odinger equation for the biphoton wave function.
We describe the generation of photon pairs entangled in optical angular momentum (OAM) through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in circular arrays of nonlinear waveguides. We show that the incorporation of the array twist along the waveguides can enable robust generation even in presence of defects and inhomogeneities. We present analytical results and numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations for the classical pump field and a discrete Shrodinger equation for the biphoton wave function.
We suggest that closed-loop quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays can be used as a compact interferometrically stable integrated source of discrete orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) entangled biphoton state. We describe analytically and numerically the process of biphoton generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in triangular waveguide arrays, and reveal that the generated biphoton quantum states can be precisely controlled by changing the pump phase and wavelength, including the case of photon-pair generation with pure OAM.
We study the possibility of generating continuous-variable (CV) entanglement on an integrated chip through nonlinear optical waveguides coupled in a circular array. We show the simultaneous generation and manipulation of multimode CV entangled states of light in χ (2) nonlinear circular arrays (NCAs), a feat unattainable with linear optical waveguides and bulk optical elements. These weakly coupled integrated waveguide arrays are compact and can be fabricated using the femtosecond laser writing technique. This technique offers interferometric stability, scalability, and less sensitivity to decoherence. Our study investigates the potential of NCA to generate bipartite and tripartite CV entanglement. We present analytical results and numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations for the evolution of field operators. Our findings suggest promising applications of compact on-chip sources in various photonic quantum technologies, such as communication, computing, and networking.
We describe theoretically the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays in the presence of linear loss. We derive a set of discrete Schr\"odinger-type equations for the biphoton wave function and the wave function of one photon when the other photon in a pair is lost. We demonstrate effects arising from loss-affected interference between the generated photon pairs and show that nonlinear waveguide arrays can serve as a robust loss-tolerant integrated platform for the generation of entangled photon states with nonclassical spatial correlations.
Encoding continuous-variable quantum information in the optical domain has recently enabled the generation of large entangled states, yet robust implementation remains a challenge. Here, we present a straightforward protocol for generating multipartite entanglement based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a circular array of quadratic nonlinear waveguides. We provide a rigorous theoretical framework, including comprehensive derivations of the propagation equations and the identification of regimes where analytical solutions are possible. Crucially, our approach identifies the pump and detection configurations required to sustain and measure multipartite full inseparability across arbitrary propagation distances and for any number of waveguides N=4nN=4 nN=4n. This regime, elusive to standard numerical methods, represents a key requirement for scalable quantum protocols. Our scheme is inherently robust as it relies on phase-matched propagation eigenmodes, making it resilient against variations in sample length, coupling, and nonlinearity.