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Physical Review A

Generation of orbital-angular-momentum-entangled biphotons in triangular quadratic waveguide arrays

Dmitry M. Markin, Alexander S. Solntsev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov

Published Jun 10, 2013• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We suggest that closed-loop quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays can be used as a compact interferometrically stable integrated source of discrete orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) entangled biphoton state. We describe analytically and numerically the process of biphoton generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in triangular waveguide arrays, and reveal that the generated biphoton quantum states can be precisely controlled by changing the pump phase and wavelength, including the case of photon-pair generation with pure OAM.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.063814

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We suggest that closed-loop quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays can be used as a compact interferometrically stable integrated source of discrete orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) entangled biphoton state. We describe analytically and numerically the process of biphoton generation through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in triangular waveguide arrays, and reveal that the generated biphoton quantum states can be precisely controlled by changing the pump phase and wavelength, including the case of photon-pair generation with pure OAM.
We describe the generation of photon pairs entangled in optical angular momentum (OAM) through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in circular arrays of nonlinear waveguides. We show that the incorporation of the array twist along the waveguides can enable robust generation even in presence of defects and inhomogeneities. We present analytical results and numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations for the classical pump field and a discrete Shrodinger equation for the biphoton wave function.
We describe the generation of photon pairs entangled in optical angular momentum through spontaneous four-wave mixing in circular arrays of nonlinear waveguides. We show that the incorporation of the array twist along the waveguides can enable robust generation even in the presence of defects and inhomogeneities. We present analytical results and numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations for the classical pump field and a discrete Schr\"odinger equation for the biphoton wave function.
We describe theoretically the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays in the presence of linear loss. We derive a set of discrete Schr\"odinger-type equations for the biphoton wave function and the wave function of one photon when the other photon in a pair is lost. We demonstrate effects arising from loss-affected interference between the generated photon pairs and show that nonlinear waveguide arrays can serve as a robust loss-tolerant integrated platform for the generation of entangled photon states with nonclassical spatial correlations.
Quantum entanglement became essential in understanding the non-locality of quantum mechanics. In optics, this non-locality can be demonstrated on impressively large length scales, as photons travel with the speed of light and interact only weakly with their environment. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals provides an efficient source for entangled photon pairs, so-called biphotons. However, SPDC can also be implemented in nonlinear arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides which allows the generation and the investigation of correlated quantum walks of such biphotons in an integrated device. Here, we analytically and experimentally demonstrate that the biphoton degrees of freedom are entailed in an additional dimension, therefore the SPDC and the subsequent quantum random walk in one-dimensional arrays can be simulated through classical optical beam propagation in a two-dimensional photonic lattice. Thereby, the output intensity images directly represent the biphoton correlations and exhibit a clear violation of a Bell-like inequality.
We analyze the process of photon-pair generation with simultaneous quantum walks in a quadratic nonlinear waveguide array. We demonstrate that the spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the array allows for creating quantum states with strongly pronounced spatial correlations, which are qualitatively different from those possible in bulk crystals or through quantum walks in linear waveguide arrays. Most importantly, the photon correlations can be controlled entirely classically by varying the spatial profile of the pump beam or the phase-matching conditions.