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Acta Physica Sinica

STUDY ON TRANSIENT OPTICAL BISTABILITY OF QUASI-RESONANT-ABSORPTIVE DYE MEDIUM

HE GUANG-SHENG, ZHOU FU-XIN, LIU SONG-HAU, 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using intense pulsed laser beam of 5320 ? to excite the BDN dye solution inside the F-P interferometer, we have found the transient and intrinsic optical bistability effect. The various possible mechanisms to induce the refractive-index change of the sample medium and their relative contributions have been estimated; finally it is confirmed that in the duration of input laser pulse the refractive-index variation increases with time approximately in the form of semi-cubic parabola, and the main mechanism to cause this variation is the opto-thermal effect of the sample medium.

DOI
10.7498/aps.34.1241

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Using intense pulsed laser beam of 5320 ? to excite the BDN dye solution inside the F-P interferometer, we have found the transient and intrinsic optical bistability effect. The various possible mechanisms to induce the refractive-index change of the sample medium and their relative contributions have been estimated; finally it is confirmed that in the duration of input laser pulse the refractive-index variation increases with time approximately in the form of semi-cubic parabola, and the main mechanism to cause this variation is the opto-thermal effect of the sample medium.
In the present work, optical bistability using a Fabry-Perot cavity containing MgPc dye dissolved in toluene of different concentrations have been experimentally investigated by using a single mode Q-switched nanosecond Nd:YAG laser operating at ~532nm.The nonlinear refractive index n2 is numerically estimated from the bistabe loop and found to be in close approximations with the previously reported values.The nature of the bistable loop depicts the reverse saturable absorption (RSA) process in the medium under study.Absorptive type bistability is found to be predominant over dispersive bistability.
Wherret et al.1 have derived a general condition for the existence of intrinsic optical bistability, stipulating that the absorption length of the sample, αL, must be less than 0.18. Nonetheless several research groups have observed optical bistability in samples with absorption lengths significantly above this limit.2 It has been suggested2 that the observed bistability is the result of an initial self-focusing of the incident beam brought about by thermal refractive index change which then induces a bistable effect in the final portion of the sample. If the focal length of the laser induced thermal lens is comparable with the sample thickness, then the reduction of the laser beam size could then induce bistability at a lower threshold in the final portion of the sample. We have carried a systematic test of this hypothesis, using a modified version of the Z-scan technique, on a commercially available semiconductor-doped glass filter.
Optical bistability has been observed in highly concentrated fluorescein dye solution and in thin (~1 μm) doped polymeric films. For fluorescein, at concentrations larger than 10-5 mole/1 dye dimers are formed. The dimer-monomer equilibrium constant is 1051/mole so that most of the dye species are in the dimer form. At 480 nm the dimer absorption cross section is 10-18cm2/molecule, while that for the dye monomer molecule is 7.6x10-17cm2/molecule. Upon laser excitation dimers dissociate to form monomers thus providing a highly nonlinear laser induced absorption. The high nonlinear absorption coefficient can be utilized for optically bistable response of the dye system. Optical bistability was observed by placing dye solutions or dye thin films inside a Fabry-Perot resonator and exciting it with 480 nm dye laser pulses of 10 ns duration. The effect is more pronounced in 10-4; mole/1 fluorescein than in 10-6mole/1 fluorescein in which dimer formation is not that efficient. In disodium fluorescein, eosin and erythrosin dye samples no significant dimer formation is observed even at 10-3 mole/1 dye concentration. The observed bistability in both solution and in thin films can be explained in terms of recent models for optical bistability in nonlinearly absorbing molecular systems.
Optical bistability has been observed in highly concentrated substituted fluorescein dye solution and in thin (∼1 μm) doped polymeric films. For fluorescein, at concentrations larger than 10−5 mol/ℓ dye dimers are formed. The dimer–monomer equilibrium constant is 105 ℓ/mol so that most of the dye species are in the dimer form. At 480 nm the dimer absorption cross section is 10−18 cm2/molecule, while that for the dye monomer molecule is 7.6×10−17 cm2/molecule. Upon laser excitation dimers dissociate to form monomers thus providing a highly nonlinear laser induced absorption. The high nonlinear absorption coefficient can be utilized for optically bistable response of the dye system. Optical bistability was observed by placing dye solutions or dye thin films inside a Fabry–Perot resonator and exciting it with 480 nm dye laser pulses of 10 ns duration. The effect is more pronounced in 10−4 mol/ ℓ fluorescein than in 10−6 mol/ℓ fluorescein in which dimer formation is not that efficient. In disodium fluorescein, eosin Y and erythrosin B no significant dimer formation is observed even at 10−3 mol/ℓ dye concentration. The observed bistability both in solution and in thin films can be explained in terms of recent models for optical bistability in nonlinearly absorbing molecular system.
Optical bistability has been observed in highly concentrated fluorescein dye solutions and in thin (-1 pm) doped polymeric films. At concentrations larger than 10-5 mole/k dye dimers are formed. For fluorescein dye, the dimer-monomer equilibrium constant is 10 -5 mole/ℓ so that most of the dye species are in the dimer form. At 480 nm the dimer absorption cross section is 10-18 cm2/molecule, while that for the dye monomer molecule is 7.6 x 10-17 cm2/molecule. Upon laser excitation dimers dissociate to form monomers thus providing a highly nonlinear laser induced absorption. This high nonlinear absorption coefficient can be utilized for optically bistable response of the dye system. Optical bistability was observed by placing dye solutions or dye thin films inside a Fabry-Perot resonator and exciting it with 480 nm dye laser pulses of 10 ns duration. The effect is more pronounced in 10-4 mole/ℓ fluorescein than in 10-6 mole/k fluorescein in which dimer formation is not that efficient.