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Physical Review A

Efficient Raman sideband cooling of trapped ions to their motional ground state

H. Che, Ke Deng, Zhilin Xu, W. H. Yuan, Jie Zhang, Z. H. Lu

Published Jul 17, 2017• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Efficient cooling of trapped ions is a prerequisite for various applications of the ions in precision spectroscopy, quantum information, and coherence control. Raman sideband cooling is an effective method to cool the ions to their motional ground state. We investigate both numerically and experimentally the optimization of Raman sideband cooling strategies and propose an efficient one, which can simplify the experimental setup as well as reduce the number of cooling pulses. Several cooling schemes are tested and compared through numerical simulations. The simulation result shows that the fixed-width pulses and varied-width pulses have almost the same efficiency for both the first-order and the second-order Raman sideband cooling. The optimized strategy is verified experimentally. A single ${^{25}\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$ ion is trapped in a linear Paul trap and Raman sideband cooled, and the achieved average vibrational quantum numbers under different cooling strategies are evaluated. A good agreement between the experimental result and the simulation result is obtained.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.013417

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Efficient cooling of trapped ions is a prerequisite for various applications of the ions in precision spectroscopy, quantum information, and coherence control. Raman sideband cooling is an effective method to cool the ions to their motional ground state. We investigate both numerically and experimentally the optimization of Raman sideband cooling strategies and propose an efficient one, which can simplify the experimental setup as well as reduce the number of cooling pulses. Several cooling schemes are tested and compared through numerical simulations. The simulation result shows that the fixed-width pulses and varied-width pulses have almost the same efficiency for both the first-order and the second-order Raman sideband cooling. The optimized strategy is verified experimentally. A single 25Mg+{^{25}\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}25Mg+ ion is trapped in a linear Paul trap and Raman sideband cooled, and the achieved average vibrational quantum numbers under different cooling strategies are evaluated. A good agreement between the experimental result and the simulation result is obtained.
Cold molecular ions are promising candidates in various fields ranging from precision spectroscopy and test of fundamental physics to ultracold chemistry. Control of internal and external degrees of freedom is a prerequisite for many of these applications. Motional-ground-state cooling represents the starting point for quantum logic-assisted internal state preparation, detection, and spectroscopy protocols. Robust and fast cooling is crucial to maximize the fraction of time available for the actual experiment. We optimize the cooling rate of ground-state cooling schemes for single 25Mg+{}^{25}{\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}25Mg+ ions and sympathetic ground-state cooling of 24MgH+{}^{24}{\mathrm{MgH}}^{+}24MgH+. In particular, we show that robust cooling is achieved by combining pulsed Raman sideband cooling with continuous quench cooling. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate an efficient strategy for ground-state cooling outside the Lamb-Dicke regime.
Sideband cooling enables preparation of trapped ion motion near the ground state and is essential for many scientific and technological applications of trapped ion devices. Here, we study the efficiency of continuous and pulsed sideband cooling using both first- and second-order sidebands applied to an ion where the motion starts outside the Lamb-Dicke regime. We find that after optimizing these distinct cooling methods, pulsed and continuous cooling achieve similar results based on simulations and experiments with a 40Ca+^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}40Ca+ ion. We consider optimization of both average phonon number n‾\overline{n}n and population in the ground state. We also demonstrate the disparity between n‾\overline{n}n as measured by the sideband ratio method of trapped ion thermometry and the n‾\overline{n}n found by averaging over the ion's motional state distribution.
Sideband cooling enables preparation of trapped ion motion near the ground state and is essential for many scientific and technological applications of trapped ion devices. Here, we study the efficiency of continuous and pulsed sideband cooling using both first- and second-order sidebands applied to an ion where the motion starts outside the Lamb-Dicke regime. We find that after optimizing these distinct cooling methods, pulsed and continuous cooling achieve similar results based on simulations and experiments with a 40^{40}40Ca+^++ ion. We consider optimization of both average phonon number n‾\overline{n}n and population in the ground state. We also demonstrate the disparity between n‾\overline{n}n as measured by the sideband ratio method of trapped ion thermometry and the n‾\overline{n}n found by averaging over the ion's motional state distribution.
Abstract We report on a comparative analysis of quenched sideband cooling in trapped ions. We introduce a theoretical approach for time-efficient simulation of the temporal cooling characteristics and derive the optimal conditions providing fast laser cooling into the ion’s motional ground state. The simulations were experimentally benchmarked with a single 172Yb+ ion confined in a linear Paul trap. Sideband cooling was carried out on a narrow quadrupole transition, enhanced with an additional clear-out laser for controlling the effective linewidth of the cooling transition. Quench cooling was thus for the first time studied in the resolved sideband, intermediate and semi-classical regime. We discuss the non-thermal distribution of Fock states during laser cooling and reveal its impact on time dilation shifts in optical atomic clocks.
Ground state cooling and coherent manipulation of ions in an rf-(Paul) trap is the prerequisite for quantum information experiments with trapped ions. With resolved sideband cooling on the optical S1/2−D5/2 quadrupole transition we have cooled one and two 40Ca+ ions to the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. With a novel cooling scheme utilizing electromagnetically induced transparency on the S1/2−P1/2 manifold we have achieved simultaneous ground state cooling of two motional sidebands 1.7 MHz apart. Starting from the motional ground state we have demonstrated coherent quantum state manipulation on the S1/2−D5/2 quadrupole transition at 729 nm. Up to 30 Rabi oscillations within 1.4 ms have been observed in the motional ground state and in the n=1 Fock state. In the linear quadrupole rf-trap with 700 kHz trap frequency along the symmetry axis (2 MHz in radial direction) the minimum ion spacing is more than 5 μm for up to 4 ions. We are able to cool two ions to the ground state in the trap and individually address the ions with laser pulses through a special optical addressing channel.