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Quantum degenerate gases of metastable helium atoms

Denis Boiron, A. Perrin, Valentina Krachmalnicoff, M. Schellekens, Hong Young Chang, Vanessa Y. F. Leung, Alain Aspect, Christoph Ira Westbrook, Steven Moal, M. Portier, Julien Dugué, Michèle Leduc, Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji, T. Jeltes, Mcnamara, John, M., W. Hogervorst, W. Vassen

Published Apr 1, 2008• 0 citations
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We report the observation of simultaneous quantum degeneracy in a dilute gaseous Bose-Fermi mixture of metastable atoms. Sympathetic cooling of helium-3 (fermion) by helium-4 (boson), both in the lowest triplet state, allows us to produce ensembles containing more than 10(6) atoms of each isotope at temperatures below 1 microK, and achieve a fermionic degeneracy parameter of T/TF = 0.45. Because of their high internal energy, the detection of individual metastable atoms with subnanosecond time resolution is possible, permitting the study of bosonic and fermionic quantum gases with unprecedented precision. This may lead to metastable helium becoming the mainstay of quantum atom optics.

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We report the observation of simultaneous quantum degeneracy in a dilute gaseous Bose-Fermi mixture of metastable atoms. Sympathetic cooling of helium-3 (fermion) by helium-4 (boson), both in the lowest triplet state, allows us to produce ensembles containing more than 10(6) atoms of each isotope at temperatures below 1 microK, and achieve a fermionic degeneracy parameter of T/TF = 0.45. Because of their high internal energy, the detection of individual metastable atoms with subnanosecond time resolution is possible, permitting the study of bosonic and fermionic quantum gases with unprecedented precision. This may lead to metastable helium becoming the mainstay of quantum atom optics.