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Loss induced long-lived entanglement in a multiatom sample

Stefania Nicolosi, Anna Napoli, ANTONINO MESSINA

Published Jun 16, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The exact dynamics of $N$ two-level atoms coupled to a common electromagnetic bath and closely located inside a lossy cavity is reported. Stationary radiation trapping effects are found and very transparently interpreted in the context of our approach. We prove that initially injecting one excitation only in the $N$ atoms cavity system, loss mechanisms asymptotically drive the matter sample toward a long-lived collective subradiant Dicke state. The role played by the closeness of the $N$ atoms with respect to such a cooperative behaviour is brought to light and carefully discussed.

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The exact dynamics of NNN two-level atoms coupled to a common electromagnetic bath and closely located inside a lossy cavity is reported. Stationary radiation trapping effects are found and very transparently interpreted in the context of our approach. We prove that initially injecting one excitation only in the NNN atoms cavity system, loss mechanisms asymptotically drive the matter sample toward a long-lived collective subradiant Dicke state. The role played by the closeness of the NNN atoms with respect to such a cooperative behaviour is brought to light and carefully discussed.
The dynamics of two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled to a common electromagnetic bath and closely located inside a lossy cavity, is reported. Initially injecting only one excitation in the two atoms-cavity system, loss mechanisms asymptotically drive the matter sample toward a stationary maximally entangled state. The role played by the closeness of the two atoms with respect to such a cooperative behaviour is carefully discussed. Stationary radiation trapping effects are found and transparently interpreted.
The dynamics of two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled to a common electromagnetic bath and closely located inside a lossy cavity, is reported. Initially injecting only one excitation in the two atoms-cavity system, loss mechanisms asymptotically drive the matter sample toward a stationary maximally entangled state. The role played by the closeness of the two atoms with respect to such a cooperative behaviour is carefully discussed. Stationary radiation trapping effects are found and transparently interpreted.
The dynamics of two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled to a common electro-magnetic bath and closely located inside a lossy cavity, is reported. Initially injecting only one excitation in the two-atom cavity system, loss mechanisms asymptotically drive the matter sample toward a stationary maximally entangled state. The role played by the closeness of the two atoms, with respect to such a cooperative behavior, is carefully discussed. Stationary radiation trapping effects are found and transparently interpreted.
We study the coherent cooperative phenomena of the system composed of two interacting atomic ensembles in the thermodynamic limit. Remarkably, the system exhibits the Dicke-like quantum phase transition and entanglement behavior although the governing Hamiltonian is fundamentally different from the spin-boson Dicke Hamiltonian, offering the opportunity for investigating collective matter-light dynamics with pure matter waves. The model can be realized with two Bose-Einstein condensates or atomic ensembles trapped in two optical cavities coupled to each other. The interaction between the two separate samples is induced by virtual photon exchange.
Two kinds of cooperative effects are discussed for two-level atoms (qubits) interacting with an electromagnetic resonator, both of them concerning Dicke super-radiance. The first is a static, critical phenomenon: the so-called super-radiant phase transition, occurring when a large number of qubits are coupled to a single cavity mode giving rise to a quantum phase transition for a critical value of the interaction strength. The second is a dynamic phenomenon, producing (among other effects) the generation and/or preservation of entanglement between qubits even in the presence of cavity losses.
Considering the paradigmatic case of a cloud of two-level atoms interacting through common vacuum modes, we show how cooperative spontaneous emission, which is at the origin of superradiance, leads the system to long-lived entangled states at late times. These subradiant modes are characterized by an entanglement between all particles, independently of their geometrical configuration. While there is no threshold on the interaction strength necessary to entangle all particles, stronger interactions lead to longer-lived entanglement.