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科学大观园

电影《时空骇客》的科学

杨孝

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

(Jumper)讲述一名有着特异功能的人,可以通过意念随时随地将自己传送到世界上任何地方.这就是隐形传输(teleportation),听起来荒谬,但在现实世界中并非没有可能.美国麻省理工学院理论物理中心主任爱德华·法希说:物理学家相隔数英里隐形传输物体,并不违背物理规律.但迄今为止,隐形传输仍仅限于单个光子.……

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(Jumper)讲述一名有着特异功能的人,可以通过意念随时随地将自己传送到世界上任何地方.这就是隐形传输(teleportation),听起来荒谬,但在现实世界中并非没有可能.美国麻省理工学院理论物理中心主任爱德华·法希说:物理学家相隔数英里隐形传输物体,并不违背物理规律.但迄今为止,隐形传输仍仅限于单个光子.……
The unique property of tantalum, particularly its exceptional resistance to both acid and alkali, makes it promising for superconducting quantum processors. Here, we propose a novel lift-off method for fabricating tantalum airbridges with separate or fully-capped structures. This method introduces an aluminum film as a barrier layer to separate two layers of photoresist, which is then etched away before depositing tantalum film. We experimentally characterize these tantalum airbridges as control line jumpers, ground plane crossovers and coupling elements, and further validate the overall adaptability by a 13-qubit quantum processor with a median T 1 exceeding 100 μs. The median single-qubit gate fidelity is measured at 99.95(2)% for isolated Randomized Benchmarking and 99.94(2)% for the simultaneous one. Additionally, the experimental achievement of airbridge coupling with a controlled-Z gate fidelity surpassing 99.2(2)% in a separate two-qubit quantum chip may facilitate scalable quantum computation and quantum error correction with entirely tantalum elements.
Complex integrated circuits require multiple wiring layers. In complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processing, these layers are robustly separated by amorphous dielectrics. These dielectrics would dominate energy loss in superconducting integrated circuits. Here, we describe a procedure that capitalizes on the structural benefits of inter-layer dielectrics during fabrication and mitigates the added loss. We use a deposited inter-layer dielectric throughout fabrication and then etch it away post-fabrication. This technique is compatible with foundry level processing and can be generalized to make many different forms of low-loss wiring. We use this technique to create freestanding aluminum vacuum gap crossovers (airbridges). We characterize the added capacitive loss of these airbridges by connecting ground planes over microwave frequency λ/4 coplanar waveguide resonators and measuring resonator loss. We measure a low power resonator loss of ∼3.9 × 10−8 per bridge, which is 100 times lower than that of dielectric supported bridges. We further characterize these airbridges as crossovers, control line jumpers, and as part of a coupling network in gmon and fluxmon qubits. We measure qubit characteristic lifetimes (T1s) in excess of 30 μs in gmon devices.