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Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Software for Complete Mode Structure Analysis of a Light Field

Ivan A. Burenkov, Sergey Vladimirovich Polyakov

Published Jun 21, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a software package aimed at simulating photon-number probability distributions of a range of classical and non-classical states of light. This software can generate arbitrary probability distributions from user-defined mode structure of a light field. It can also solve the reverse problem, i.e., reconstructing the mode structure of a light field from a given probability distribution. The mode structure fully defines a light field. Thus it provides information about the source of light without having to directly access the source. The multimode fields simulated by this software include those comprised of a number of thermal modes, a Poisson mode, and single-photon modes. In addition, conjugated multimode sources (such as those created via parametric downconversion (PDC) or four-wave mixing (FWM)) can be simulated. This software provides for a nearly-perfect reconstruction of multimode fields comprised of several correlated and uncorrelated thermal and Poisson modes. The code is particularly effective at characterizing mesoscopic quantum states of light. This software can be modified to include other types of modes (i.e., governed by other statistical distributions), as needed.

DOI
10.6028/jres.122.030

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We present a software package aimed at simulating photon-number probability distributions of a range of classical and non-classical states of light. This software can generate arbitrary probability distributions from user-defined mode structure of a light field. It can also solve the reverse problem, i.e., reconstructing the mode structure of a light field from a given probability distribution. The mode structure fully defines a light field. Thus it provides information about the source of light without having to directly access the source. The multimode fields simulated by this software include those comprised of a number of thermal modes, a Poisson mode, and single-photon modes. In addition, conjugated multimode sources (such as those created via parametric downconversion (PDC) or four-wave mixing (FWM)) can be simulated. This software provides for a nearly-perfect reconstruction of multimode fields comprised of several correlated and uncorrelated thermal and Poisson modes. The code is particularly effective at characterizing mesoscopic quantum states of light. This software can be modified to include other types of modes (i.e., governed by other statistical distributions), as needed.
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We present a simple method to reconstruct the mode distribution of multimode classical and nonclassical optical fields using a single measurement of higher-order photon number correlation functions. Knowing the underlying number and structure of occupied modes of a light field plays a crucial role in minimizing loss and decoherence of quantum information. Typically, full characterization of the mode structure involves a series of several separate measurements in spatial, temporal, frequency, and polarization domains. We experimentally demonstrate reconstruction of up to three modes with excellent agreement and study the robustness of our method in experimentally realizable regimes.
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Advances in photonics require photon-number resolved simulations of quantum optical experiments with Gaussian states. We demonstrate a simple and versatile method to simulate the photon statistics of general multimode Gaussian states. The derived generating functions enable simulations of the photon number distribution, cumulative probabilities, moments, and factorial moments of the photon statistics of Gaussian states as well as of multimode photon-added and photon-subtracted Gaussian states. Numerical results are obtained by the automatic differentiation of these generating functions by employing the software framework PyTorch. Our approach is particularly well suited for practical simulations of the photon statistics of quantum optical experiments in realistic scenarios with low photon numbers, in which various sources of imperfections have to be taken into account. As an example, we calculate the detection probabilities for a recent multipartite time-bin coding quantum key distribution setup and compare them with the corresponding experimental values.