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arXiv:1704.05503 · Physical Review A

Full statistical mode reconstruction of a light field via a photon-number-resolved measurement

Ivan A. Burenkov, Ankita K. Sharma, Thomas Gerrits, Georg Harder, Tim J. Bartley, Christine Silberhorn, Elizabeth A. Goldschmidt, Sergey V. Polyakov

Published May 2, 2017• 29 citations
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Abstract

We present a method to reconstruct the complete statistical mode structure and optical losses of multimode conjugated optical fields using an experimentally measured joint photon-number probability distribution. We demonstrate that this method evaluates classical and nonclassical properties using a single measurement technique and is well suited for quantum mesoscopic state characterization. We obtain a nearly perfect reconstruction of a field comprised of up to ten modes based on a minimal set of assumptions. To show the utility of this method, we use it to reconstruct the mode structure of an unknown bright parametric down-conversion source.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.053806

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We present a method to reconstruct the complete statistical mode structure and optical losses of multimode conjugated optical fields using an experimentally measured joint photon-number probability distribution. We demonstrate that this method evaluates classical and nonclassical properties using a single measurement technique and is well suited for quantum mesoscopic state characterization. We obtain a nearly perfect reconstruction of a field comprised of up to ten modes based on a minimal set of assumptions. To show the utility of this method, we use it to reconstruct the mode structure of an unknown bright parametric down-conversion source.
We present a simple method to reconstruct the mode distribution of multimode classical and nonclassical optical fields using a single measurement of higher-order photon number correlation functions. Knowing the underlying number and structure of occupied modes of a light field plays a crucial role in minimizing loss and decoherence of quantum information. Typically, full characterization of the mode structure involves a series of several separate measurements in spatial, temporal, frequency, and polarization domains. We experimentally demonstrate reconstruction of up to three modes with excellent agreement and study the robustness of our method in experimentally realizable regimes.
We present a software package aimed at simulating photon-number probability distributions of a range of classical and non-classical states of light. This software can generate arbitrary probability distributions from user-defined mode structure of a light field. It can also solve the reverse problem, i.e., reconstructing the mode structure of a light field from a given probability distribution. The mode structure fully defines a light field. Thus it provides information about the source of light without having to directly access the source. The multimode fields simulated by this software include those comprised of a number of thermal modes, a Poisson mode, and single-photon modes. In addition, conjugated multimode sources (such as those created via parametric downconversion (PDC) or four-wave mixing (FWM)) can be simulated. This software provides for a nearly-perfect reconstruction of multimode fields comprised of several correlated and uncorrelated thermal and Poisson modes. The code is particularly effective at characterizing mesoscopic quantum states of light. This software can be modified to include other types of modes (i.e., governed by other statistical distributions), as needed.
We experimentally investigate a method of directly characterizing the photon-number distribution of nonclassical light beams that is tolerant to losses and makes use of only standard binary detectors. This is achieved in a single measurement by calibrating the detector using some small amount of prior information about the source. We demonstrate the technique on a freely propagating heralded two-photon-number state created by conditional detection of a two-mode squeezed state generated by parametric down-conversion.
Optical parametric down-conversion is a common source for the generation of nonclassical correlated photonic states. Using a parametric down-conversion source and photon-number-resolving detectors, we measure the two-mode photon-number distribution of up to 10 photons for different degrees of correlation. The degree of correlation is controlled by collecting different spatial and spectral single modes for each polarization and varying the amount of spectral and spatial overlap between them. Clear evidence for photon-number correlations is presented despite detector imperfections such as low detection efficiency and other distorting effects. Two criteria, derived directly from the raw data, are shown to be good measures for the degree of correlation. Additionally, using a fitting technique, we find a connection between the measured photon-number distribution and the degree of correlation of the reconstructed original two-mode state. These observations are only possible as a result of the detection of high photon number events.