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Optics and Spectroscopy

Nonlinear-photonics devices on the basis of the coherent interaction of optical radiation with resonant media (a review)

Rostislav M. Arkhipov, Mikhail V. Arkhipov, A. V. Pakhomov, Ihar Babushkin, Nikolay N. Rosanov

Published Jun 1, 2017• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have examined examples of nonlinear-photonics devices that are based on the coherent interaction of light with matter. Such interaction takes place if the duration of a light pulse is shorter than the relaxation times T 1 and T 2 in a resonant medium and if the strength of the light field is so high that Rabi oscillations arise. Theoretical analysis shows that these systems have a number of advantages compared to similar devices that operate under incoherent interaction conditions of light with matter.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x17060030

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We have examined examples of nonlinear-photonics devices that are based on the coherent interaction of light with matter. Such interaction takes place if the duration of a light pulse is shorter than the relaxation times T 1 and T 2 in a resonant medium and if the strength of the light field is so high that Rabi oscillations arise. Theoretical analysis shows that these systems have a number of advantages compared to similar devices that operate under incoherent interaction conditions of light with matter.
Our recent studies of methods for obtaining ultrashort light pulses and analysis of the impact of ultrashort optical pulses on classical and quantum micro-objects with the identification of the determining role of the degree of unipolarity of pulses (maximum for strictly unipolar pulses) in the efficiency of direct laser acceleration of charged particles and excitation of atoms and molecules have been reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the coherent mode locking regime in lasers, which is implemented when the laser pulse duration is less than the relaxation time of the working transition in media with resonance amplification and absorption (laser analog of the phenomenon of self-induced transparency). Experimental data on coherent mode locking in a titanium-sapphire laser with a cell with rubidium vapor at self-induced transparency in rubidium have been presented. The interaction of ultrashort pulses in resonant media has also been analyzed.
Abstract : The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the resonant light-matter interactions in the multi-component and multilevel media and photonic bandgap structures have been developed. The optimal component distribution in the two-component media have been found to get a pulse of a superradiative emission of the highest intensity. The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the femtosecond pulse propagation in an extended medium of the two-level atoms have developed. The regime of the inversionless superradiance in the two-component superradiative medium has been investigated. The theory of the superradiance by an ensemble of the two-level atoms embedded in the dielectric host was developed. It was shown that the near dipole-dipole interaction of dense collection of two-level atoms is enhanced by the presence of the host material, decreasing the pulse temporal width and increasing the peak pulse intensity of superradiative emission. The theory of nonlinear light-matter interaction in multidimensional resonant photonic crystals under Bragg diffraction condition has been developed. It was obtained the analytical and numerical solutions describing the novel kinds of nonlinear solitary waves: the Laue soliton, O-field, propagating and standing gap solitary waves. It has been described the spatio-temporal nonlinear dynamics of coherent field in periodic resonant structures with arbitrary modulation of atomic density and gain gratings.
Collisions of unipolar subcycle pulses in a nonlinear resonant medium that coherently interact with it are studied theoretically. The dynamics of spatial polarization structures and population difference that the pulses induce in the medium are analyzed. A surprising feature is that the medium is capable of “remembering” the result of the interaction with the pulses and their collisions during times comparable to the polarization relaxation time. An analysis of the dynamics of light-induced structures makes it possible to judge the parameters of subcycle pulses at the times longer than the pulse duration, which, in the future, can be useful in their detection.
Turbulence and chaos in a semiconductor crystal? These are just some of the intriguing predictions of nonlinear optics with coherent excitons. In this chapter we discuss some aspects of nonlinear coherent optics with the participation of the excitons, photons, and biexcitons. As in many nonlinear systems, these effects arise because of feedback mechanisms, i.e., the light impinging on the system affects the electronic states, which in turn affect the dielectric constant of the medium through which the light passes. These effects are closely related to the phenomena of self-organization [1-8] and optical bistability [7-10] and self-pulsations and the appearance of chaos [2-6]. The cooperative nonlinear coherent processes in optical systems have recently attracted much attention [7-20]. These investigations have stimulated the development of new mathematical methods [21-31] and have opened up possibilities for many new applications. The theoretical and the experimental investigations in these directions give rise to the theory of solitons [32∧2] and lead to the new developments in the optics of ultrashort pulses [43-58]. Ultrafast phenomena such as self-induced transparency and nutation are related to the propagation of solitons and pulse trains, whereas the transient stages of the ultrashort lightpulse penetration in the media are described by area theorems. These coherent ultrafast phenomena typically take place during intervals of time less than the relaxation time, i.e., femtoseconds to picoseconds in typical solids. Collisions and incoherent scattering processes destroy the coherent evolution of the excited particles. But if coherent macroscopic states of the excitons, photons, and biexcitons have been formed because of spontaneous or induced BEC, in this case one can consider their time evolution over intervals of time much greater than the relaxation time.