Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Silicon based cryogenic platform for the integration of qubit and classical control chips

Tim Leonhardt, Arne Hollmann, Daniel Jirovec, R. Neumann, Bernhard Klemt, Sebastian Kindel, Maciej Kucharski, G. Fischer, Dominique Bougeard, Hendrik Bluhm, Lars R. Schreiber

Published Mar 14, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Related papers

Cryogenic inter-chip connection for silicon qubit devices

二谷 時緒, Tokio Futaya, 来成 溝口 +7 more

•Sep 1, 2023•0 citations

Cryogenic Inter-chip Connection for Silicon Qubit Devices

Tokio Futaya, Raisei Mizokuchi, Misato Taguchi +4 more

International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (SSDM)•Sep 6, 2023•2 citations

Cryogenic III-V and Nb electronics integrated on silicon for large-scale quantum computing platforms

Jaeyong Jeong, Seong Kwang Kim, Yoon‐Je Suh +13 more

Quantum computers now encounter the significant challenge of scalability, similar to the issue that classical computing faced previously. Recent results in high-fidelity spin qubits manufactured with a Si CMOS technology, along with demonstrations that cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics can be integrated into the same chip or die, opens up an opportunity to break out the challenges of qubit size, I/O, and integrability. However, the power consumption of cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics cannot support thousands or millions of qubits. Here, we show that III–V two-dimensional electron gas and Nb superconductor-based cryogenic electronics can be integrated with Si and operate at extremely low power levels, enabling the control and readout for millions of qubits. Our devices offer a unity gain cutoff frequency of 601 GHz, a unity power gain cutoff frequency of 593 GHz, and a low noise indication factor $$\left(\sqrt{{I}_{{{\rm{D}}}}}\, {g}_{{{{\rm{m}}}}}^{-1}\right)$$ of $$0.21\sqrt{{{{\rm{Vmm}}}}}\scriptstyle\sqrt{{S}^{-1}}$$ at 4 K using more than 10 times less power consumption than CMOS. The power consumption of control/readout electronics remains a limiting factor for large-scale quantum computers. Here, the authors demonstrate III–V semiconductor and Nb superconductor-based cryogenic electronics integrated on silicon for large-scale quantum computing systems.

Nature Communications•Dec 30, 2024•15 citations

Integrated cryogenic chip controls spin qubits

Building a quantum computer out of silicon allows the computer’s qubits to be integrated seamlessly with their control electronics, but the control circuits can degrade qubit performance. A cryogenic control chip counters this risk and holds promise for scaling up the number of qubits. Chip made with standard processes holds promise for controlling scaled-up quantum computers.

Nature•Jul 9, 2025•0 citations

CMOS-based cryogenic control of silicon quantum circuits

Xiao Xue, Bishnu Patra, Jeroen P. G. van Dijk +22 more

Abstract The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors that host millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications1. A key challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current solid-state qubit implementations, an important interconnect bottleneck appears between the quantum chip in a dilution refrigerator and the room-temperature electronics. Advanced lithography supports the fabrication of both control electronics and qubits in silicon using technology compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)2. When the electronics are designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures, they can ultimately be integrated with the qubits on the same die or package, overcoming the ‘wiring bottleneck’3–6. Here we report a cryogenic CMOS control chip operating at 3 kelvin, which outputs tailored microwave bursts to drive silicon quantum bits cooled to 20 millikelvin. We first benchmark the control chip and find an electrical performance consistent with qubit operations of 99.99 per cent fidelity, assuming ideal qubits. Next, we use it to coherently control actual qubits encoded in the spin of single electrons confined in silicon quantum dots7–9 and find that the cryogenic control chip achieves the same fidelity as commercial instruments at room temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capabilities of the control chip by programming a number of benchmarking protocols, as well as the Deutsch–Josza algorithm10, on a two-qubit quantum processor. These results open up the way towards a fully integrated, scalable silicon-based quantum computer.

•Jan 1, 2020•244 citations

Controlling qubits with cryogenic devices

Matthew Parker

Nature Electronics•Mar 29, 2022•5 citations
Quantum computers now encounter the significant challenge of scalability, similar to the issue that classical computing faced previously. Recent results in high-fidelity spin qubits manufactured with a Si CMOS technology, along with demonstrations that cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics can be integrated into the same chip or die, opens up an opportunity to break out the challenges of qubit size, I/O, and integrability. However, the power consumption of cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics cannot support thousands or millions of qubits. Here, we show that III–V two-dimensional electron gas and Nb superconductor-based cryogenic electronics can be integrated with Si and operate at extremely low power levels, enabling the control and readout for millions of qubits. Our devices offer a unity gain cutoff frequency of 601 GHz, a unity power gain cutoff frequency of 593 GHz, and a low noise indication factor (ID gm−1)\left(\sqrt{{I}_{{{\rm{D}}}}}\, {g}_{{{{\rm{m}}}}}^{-1}\right)(ID​​gm−1​) of 0.21VmmS−10.21\sqrt{{{{\rm{Vmm}}}}}\scriptstyle\sqrt{{S}^{-1}}0.21Vmm​S−1​ at 4 K using more than 10 times less power consumption than CMOS. The power consumption of control/readout electronics remains a limiting factor for large-scale quantum computers. Here, the authors demonstrate III–V semiconductor and Nb superconductor-based cryogenic electronics integrated on silicon for large-scale quantum computing systems.
Abstract The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors that host millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications1. A key challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current solid-state qubit implementations, an important interconnect bottleneck appears between the quantum chip in a dilution refrigerator and the room-temperature electronics. Advanced lithography supports the fabrication of both control electronics and qubits in silicon using technology compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)2. When the electronics are designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures, they can ultimately be integrated with the qubits on the same die or package, overcoming the ‘wiring bottleneck’3–6. Here we report a cryogenic CMOS control chip operating at 3 kelvin, which outputs tailored microwave bursts to drive silicon quantum bits cooled to 20 millikelvin. We first benchmark the control chip and find an electrical performance consistent with qubit operations of 99.99 per cent fidelity, assuming ideal qubits. Next, we use it to coherently control actual qubits encoded in the spin of single electrons confined in silicon quantum dots7–9 and find that the cryogenic control chip achieves the same fidelity as commercial instruments at room temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capabilities of the control chip by programming a number of benchmarking protocols, as well as the Deutsch–Josza algorithm10, on a two-qubit quantum processor. These results open up the way towards a fully integrated, scalable silicon-based quantum computer.