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Physical Review Letters

Dynamical detection of a topological phase transition in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases

Ian B. Spielman, Setiawan Wenming, K. Sengupta, Jay Deep Sau

Published Nov 4, 2015• 0 citations
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We demonstrate that non-equilibrium dynamics provides a direct means of detecting the topological phase transition (TPT) between conventional and topological superfluid (SF) phases in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases with attractive interactions. To date, no cold atom experiment has realized a topological SF, because of loss or heating processes. In the alkali fermions, off-resonant light scattering dominates these processes, therefore, we minimize their impact by rapidly quenching in and out of the topological SF phase. This quench excites Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the final phase (a conventional SF), the distribution of which carries signatures of the TPT. We calculate the resulting spin-resolved momentum distribution by self-consistently solving the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. They exhibit Kibble-Zurek scaling and St\{u}ckelberg oscillations characteristic of the TPT. We discuss parameter regimes where the TPT is experimentally accessible.

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We demonstrate that dynamical probes provide direct means of detecting the topological phase transition (TPT) between conventional and topological phases, which would otherwise be difficult to access because of loss or heating processes. We propose to avoid such heating by rapidly quenching in and out of the short-lived topological phase across the transition that supports gapless excitations. Following the quench, the distribution of excitations in the final conventional phase carries signatures of the TPT. We apply this strategy to study the TPT into a Majorana-carrying topological phase predicted in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases with attractive interactions. The resulting spin-resolved momentum distribution, computed by self-consistently solving the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, exhibits Kibble-Zurek scaling and Stückelberg oscillations characteristic of the TPT. We discuss parameter regimes where the TPT is experimentally accessible.

arXiv:1503.07167•Physical Review Letters•Nov 4, 2015•13 citations
We demonstrate that non-equilibrium dynamics provides a direct means of detecting the topological phase transition (TPT) between conventional and topological superfluid (SF) phases in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases with attractive interactions. To date, no cold atom experiment has realized a topological SF, because of loss or heating processes. In the alkali fermions, off-resonant light scattering dominates these processes, therefore, we minimize their impact by rapidly quenching in and out of the topological SF phase. This quench excites Bogoliubov quasiparticles in the final phase (a conventional SF), the distribution of which carries signatures of the TPT. We calculate the resulting spin-resolved momentum distribution by self-consistently solving the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. They exhibit Kibble-Zurek scaling and St\{u}ckelberg oscillations characteristic of the TPT. We discuss parameter regimes where the TPT is experimentally accessible.
We study the quench dynamics of a one-dimensional ultracold Fermi gas with synthetic spin-orbit coupling. At equilibrium, the ground state of the system can undergo a topological phase transition and become a topological superfluid with Majorana edge states. As the interaction is quenched near the topological phase boundary, we identify an interesting dynamical phase transition of the quenched state in the long-time limit, characterized by an abrupt change of the pairing gap at a critical quenched interaction strength. We further demonstrate the topological nature of this dynamical phase transition from edge-state analysis of the quenched states. Our findings provide interesting clues for the understanding of topological phase transitions in dynamical processes, and can be useful for the dynamical detection of Majorana edge states in corresponding systems.
We demonstrate that dynamical probes provide direct means of detecting the topological phase transition (TPT) between conventional and topological phases, which would otherwise be difficult to access because of loss or heating processes. We propose to avoid such heating by rapidly quenching in and out of the short-lived topological phase across the transition that supports gapless excitations. Following the quench, the distribution of excitations in the final conventional phase carries signatures of the TPT. We apply this strategy to study the TPT into a Majorana-carrying topological phase predicted in one-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases with attractive interactions. The resulting spin-resolved momentum distribution, computed by self-consistently solving the time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations, exhibits Kibble-Zurek scaling and Stückelberg oscillations characteristic of the TPT. We discuss parameter regimes where the TPT is experimentally accessible.