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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Static and dynamical properties of topological Fulde-Ferrell states in spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gases

Lei Jiang, Eite Tiesinga, Xia-Ji Liu, Hui Hu, Han Pu

Published Jun 5, 2014• 0 citations
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Topological Fermi superfluids have played the central role in various fields of physics. However, all previous studies focus on the cases where Cooper pairs have zero center-of-mass momenta (i.e., normal superfluids). The topology of Fulde–Ferrell (FF) superfluids with nonzero momentum pairings have never been explored until recent findings that FF superfluids in a spin–orbit (SO) coupled Fermi gas can accommodate Majorana fermions in real space in low dimensions and Weyl fermions in momentum space in three dimension. In this review, we first discuss the mechanism of pairings in SO coupled Fermi gases in optical lattices subject to Zeeman fields, showing that SO coupling as well as Zeeman fields enhance FF states while suppress Larkin–Ovchinnikov states. We then present the low temperature phase diagram including both FF superfluids and topological FF superfluids phases in both two dimension and three dimension. In one dimension, Majorana fermions as well as phase dependent order parameter are visualized. In three dimension, we show the properties of Weyl fermions in momentum space such as anisotropic linear dispersion, Fermi arch, and gaplessness away from k⊥ = 0. Finally, we discuss some possible methods to probe FF superfluids and topological FF superfluids in cold atom systems.
We study the effects of synthetic spin-orbit coupling on the pairing physics in quasi-one-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases of alkaline-earth-metal-like atoms near an orbital Feshbach resonance (OFR). The interplay between spin-orbit coupling and pairing interactions near the OFR leads to an interesting topological Fulde-Ferrell state, where the nontrivial topology of the state is solely encoded in the closed channel with a topologically trivial Fulde-Ferrell pairing in the open channel. We confirm the topological property of the system by characterizing the Zak phase and the edge states. The topological Fulde-Ferrell state can be identified by the momentum-space density distribution obtained from time-of-flight images.