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Determination of Cs-Cs Interaction Parameters Using Feshbach Spectroscopy (Preprint)

Andrew J. Kerman, Cheng Chin, Vladan Vuletić, Steven Chu, Paul J. Leo, Carl J. Williams, Paul S. Julienne

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract : We measure high-resolution Feshbach resonance spectra for ultracold desium atoms colliding in different hyperfine and magnetic sublevels. More than 25 Feshback resonances are observed for magnetic fields below 230 G in the elastic and inelastic ground state collision cross sections, as well as in the cross section for light-assisted collisions. From thes spectra a consistent set of ground state molecular interaction parameters for desium is extracted, including singlet and triplet scattering lengths of As=(280 +/- 10)a) and At=(2400 +/- 100)a), a van der Waals coefficient C6=(6890 +/- 35) a.u., as well as the strength of the indirect spin-spin coupling. This set of parameters allows for the first time a complet characterisation of cesium's ultra-cold collision properties.

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International Conference on Atomic Physics (ICAP)•Jan 1, 1999•0 citations
Abstract : We measure high-resolution Feshbach resonance spectra for ultracold desium atoms colliding in different hyperfine and magnetic sublevels. More than 25 Feshback resonances are observed for magnetic fields below 230 G in the elastic and inelastic ground state collision cross sections, as well as in the cross section for light-assisted collisions. From thes spectra a consistent set of ground state molecular interaction parameters for desium is extracted, including singlet and triplet scattering lengths of As=(280 +/- 10)a) and At=(2400 +/- 100)a), a van der Waals coefficient C6=(6890 +/- 35) a.u., as well as the strength of the indirect spin-spin coupling. This set of parameters allows for the first time a complet characterisation of cesium's ultra-cold collision properties.
We measure high-resolution Feshbach resonance spectra for ultracold cesium atoms colliding in different hyperfine and magnetic sublevels. More than 25 resonances are observed for magnetic fields up to 230 G and their positions are measured with an accuracy down to 0.03 G. From these spectra several ground-state molecular interaction parameters can be extracted with sufficient accuracy to permit for the first time an unambiguous and accurate determination of cesium's ultracold collision properties [P. J. Leo, C. J. Williams, and P. S. Julienne, following Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2721 (2000)].
Ultracold Cs2_22​ Feshbach Spectroscopy
We have observed and located more than 60 magnetic field-induced Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of ground-state 133^{133}133Cs atoms. These resonances are associated with molecular states with up to four units of rotational angular momentum, and are detected through variations in the elastic, inelastic, and radiative collision cross sections. These observations allow us to greatly improve upon the interaction potentials between two cesium atoms and to reproduce the positions of most resonances to accuracies better than 0.5%. Based on the relevant coupling scheme between the electron spin, nuclear spin, and orbital angular momenta of the nuclei, quantum numbers and energy structure of the molecular states beneath the dissociation continuum are revealed. Finally, we predict the relevant collision properties for cesium Bose-Einstein condensation experiments.
We present a theoretical analysis of numerous magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances measured by Chin et al. [preceding Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2717 (2000)] at fields of up to 25mT25\mathrm{mT}25mT. This analysis provides the most accurate characterization of the collisional properties of ground state Cs atoms currently available and clearly shows, in contrast to previous work, that Bose-Einstein condensation of 133Cs{}^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs cannot be ruled out. The ${X}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$ and ${a}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}$ scattering lengths are constrained to $(280\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10){a}_{0}$ and $(2400\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100){a}_{0}$, respectively ( 1a0=0.0529177nm{1a}_{0}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.0529177\mathrm{nm}1a0​=0.0529177nm), and the van der Waals C6{C}_{6}C6​ coefficient to $6890\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}35\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.(1\mathrm{a}.\mathrm{u}.\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.0957345\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}\mathrm{J}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}{\mathrm{nm}}^{6})$.
We have observed and located more than 60 magnetic field-induced Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of ground-state 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs atoms. Multiple extremely weak Feshbach resonances associated with ggg-wave molecular states are detected through variations in the radiative collision cross sections. The Feshbach spectroscopy allows us to determine the interactions between ultracold cesium atoms and the molecular energy structure near the dissociation continuum with unprecedented precision. Our work not only represents a very successful collaboration of experimental and theoretical efforts, but also provides essential information for cesium Bose-Einstein condensation, Cs2{\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}Cs2​ molecules, and atomic clock experiments.
We explore the scattering properties of ultracold ground-state Cs atoms at magnetic fields between 450 G (45 mT) and 1000 G. We identify 17 previously unreported Feshbach resonances, including two very broad ones near 549 and 787 G. We measure the binding energies of several different dimer states by magnetic field modulation spectroscopy. We use least-squares fitting to these experimental results, together with previous measurements at lower field, to determine a six-parameter model of the long-range interaction potential, designated M2012. Coupled-channels calculations using M2012 provide an accurate mapping between the sss-wave scattering length and the magnetic field over the entire range of fields considered. This mapping is crucial for experiments that rely on precise tuning of the scattering length, such as those on Efimov physics.
With the advent of evaporative cooling methods, atomic collisions can be studied at microkelvin and even sub-microkelvin temperatures. At these energies, resonance and threshold phenomena become very pronounced. Near zero-energy resonances lead to large variations in collision cross sections with energy. Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances have been observed, which allow elastic collision cross sections and scattering lengths to be tuned over large ranges with small changes in an applied magnetic field. These resonance effects are extremely sensitive to small variations in atomic interaction parameters, including scattering lengths. The combined results of ultracold atomic collision and photoassociation spectroscopy experiments is leading to a complete and consistent picture of collisions of ultracold alkali atoms.