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VNU Journal of Science Mathematics - Physics

Mathematical Uncertainty Relations and their Generalization for Multiple Incompatible Observables

Hung Quang Nguyen, Tu Quang Bui

Published Mar 15, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that the famous Heisenberg uncertainty relation for two incompatible observables can be generalized elegantly to the determinant form for N arbitrary observables. To achieve this purpose, we propose a generalization of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for two sets of vectors. Simple consequences of the N-ary uncertainty relation are also discussed. Keywords: Generalized uncertainty relation, Generalized uncertainty principle, Generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.

DOI
10.25073/2588-1124/vnumap.4075

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We show that the famous Heisenberg uncertainty relation for two incompatible observables can be generalized elegantly to the determinant form for N arbitrary observables. To achieve this purpose, we propose a generalization of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for two sets of vectors. Simple consequences of the N-ary uncertainty relation are also discussed. Keywords: Generalized uncertainty relation, Generalized uncertainty principle, Generalized Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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We prove a few state-dependent uncertainty relations for the product as well as the sum of variances of two incompatible observables. These uncertainty relations are shown to be tighter than the Robertson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty relation and other ones existing in the current literature. Also, we derive a state-dependent upper bound to the sum and the product of variances using the reverse Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the Dunkl-Williams inequality. Our results suggest that not only can we not prepare quantum states for which two incompatible observables can have sharp values, but also we have both the lower and the upper limits on the variances of quantum mechanical observables at a fundamental level.
The historical development of uncertainty relation, begining with first Heisenberg's thoughts of uncertainty principle is summed up in this thesis. After proving validity of Schwarz inequality general uncertainty relation for two hermitian operators is obtained, and from this general version the validity of Heisenberg uncertainty relation is than proved. The most important part of this work is the obtention of two new uncertainty relations, which are stronger then Heisenberg or Robertson-Schrödinger uncertainty relation, and their specific form for two examples - a free particle in a state discribed by the gaussian wave packet and the linear harmonic oscillator with a wave function in the shape of gaussian packet.