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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Light Vapor Interactions on a Chip

Uriel Levy, Meir Y. Grajower, Jonathan Bar-David, Roy Zektzer

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this talk we discuss our recent results related to chip scale enhanced light-vapor interactions. We also discuss the potential of our platform for applications such as metrology, communications and photonic information technology.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2017.ftu3h.6

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Over the past decades, alkali atoms have been the subject of intensive and diverse research, ranging from fundamental studies on ultra-cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates to technological applications. Since they possess only a single valance s-electron, the alkali atoms manifest a simple low-lying electronic structure compared to other atoms. Moreover, unlike conventional solid state systems their dispersion-free features make them an ideal candidate for sensing applications and referencing tasks. These two features have introduced alkali atoms as promising quantum emitters for the new paradigm of hybrid quantum optics and quantum electrodynamics. This new concept benefits from the existing integrated photonics technology for squeezing and confining the light in sub-wavelength scales to substantially enhance the light-atom interaction. The hybrid chip is envisioned to have light sources, waveguides, devices, and detectors to realize a complex quantum network down to a single photon level. In this talk I will discuss about our recent theoretical and experimental works on atomic vapor spectroscopy in the vicinity of the plasmonic and nanophotonic devices. I start from a density matrix-based formalism describing the evolution of Rb vapor atomic levels, excited with an incoherent pump and coupled to a plasmonic lattice. When designed properly, the lattice plasmon mode efficiently captures the spontaneously emitted photons from the excited Rb atoms and a coherent coupling between the lattice mode and the atomic levels would occur. I will elaborate on the effect of pumping rate and decoherence on the steady state of the hybrid system and the feasibility of achieving a lasing state. In the second part of the talk I will present the results of our experiments on Rb vapor coupled to such a plasmonic lattice. Starting from the pumping mechanism, I describe the collisional scheme we employed to transfer the excited Rb atoms from (_^5)P_(3/2) to(_^5)P_(1/2) , hence achieving a population inversion between P and S levels and an optical gain at 795 nm, eventually. I present the experimental results of this atomic vapor interaction with a plasmonic lattice resonating at 795 nm. The spectroscopy of Rb cloud modified with tightly squeezed and enhanced field of the lattice plasmons shows the clear signature of Fano resonances in the passive gas, followed by amplified spontaneous emission in the active gas and the lasing at higher pumping powers. The results of this study would pave the way toward hybrid atom-quantum photonic chips.
Laser-cooled atoms are a key quantum medium for atomic clocks, precision metrology, and atom interferometers, and they hold strong potential to advance quantum technologies for position, navigation, and timing. Realizing this potential requires moving cold-atom systems beyond laboratory environments. Integrated photonic chips provide a path forward by improving reliability and reducing size, weight, and power consumption, enabling portable and compact quantum sensors for real-world applications. This review surveys recent progress in laser-cooled atomic platforms, with a focus on the key components that enable on-chip integration of cold-atom systems. We discuss on-chip laser stabilization and linewidth-narrowing techniques, enhanced photon–atom coupling at the chip scale, miniaturized high-vacuum chambers, and the integration of on-chip magnetic coils for cold-atom sensing. Together, these developments are critical to the deployment of chip-scale cold-atom devices in both fundamental atomic physics and practical sensing applications. We conclude with an outlook on next-generation integrated cold-atom platforms and their potential impact on quantum technologies.